2 * QEMU PC System Emulator
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
26 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
29 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
30 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
31 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
32 #define LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME "linux_boot.bin"
34 #define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR 0x00100000
35 #define INITRD_LOAD_ADDR 0x00400000
36 #define KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR 0x00090000
37 #define KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR 0x00099000
40 int dummy_refresh_clock;
41 static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller;
42 static RTCState *rtc_state;
45 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
49 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
50 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
51 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s)
56 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
63 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env)
65 return qemu_get_clock(vm_clock);
68 /* PC cmos mappings */
70 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE 0x14
71 #define REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE 0x32
72 #define REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE 0x37
75 static inline int to_bcd(RTCState *s, int a)
77 return ((a / 10) << 4) | (a % 10);
80 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0)
86 /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
90 /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
94 /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
104 static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs, int info_ofs, BlockDriverState *hd)
106 RTCState *s = rtc_state;
107 int cylinders, heads, sectors;
108 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd, &cylinders, &heads, §ors);
109 rtc_set_memory(s, type_ofs, 47);
110 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
111 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
112 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
113 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
114 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
115 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
116 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
117 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
118 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
121 /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */
122 static void cmos_init(int ram_size, int boot_device, BlockDriverState **hd_table)
124 RTCState *s = rtc_state;
131 /* set the CMOS date */
139 val = to_bcd(s, (tm->tm_year / 100) + 19);
140 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
141 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
143 /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
146 val = 640; /* base memory in K */
147 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val);
148 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
150 val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024;
153 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val);
154 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
155 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val);
156 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
158 if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024))
159 val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
164 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val);
165 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
167 switch(boot_device) {
170 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x01); /* floppy boot */
174 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x02); /* hard drive boot */
177 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x03); /* CD-ROM boot */
183 fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0);
184 fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1);
186 val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1);
187 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val);
199 val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
202 val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
205 val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
206 val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
207 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
211 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x12, (hd_table[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table[1] ? 0x0f : 0));
213 cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table[0]);
215 cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table[1]);
218 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
220 int cylinders, heads, sectors;
222 /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the geometry
223 that the hard disk returns. It is always such that: 1 <=
224 sects <= 63, 1 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <=
225 16383. The BIOS geometry can be different. */
226 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table[i], &cylinders, &heads, §ors);
227 if (cylinders <= 1024 && heads <= 16 && sectors <= 63) {
228 /* No translation. */
231 /* LBA translation. */
234 val |= translation << (i * 2);
237 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x39, val);
239 /* Disable check of 0x55AA signature on the last two bytes of
240 first sector of disk. XXX: make it the default ? */
241 // rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, 1);
244 static void speaker_ioport_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
246 speaker_data_on = (val >> 1) & 1;
247 pit_set_gate(pit, 2, val & 1);
250 static uint32_t speaker_ioport_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
253 out = pit_get_out(pit, 2, qemu_get_clock(vm_clock));
254 dummy_refresh_clock ^= 1;
255 return (speaker_data_on << 1) | pit_get_gate(pit, 2) | (out << 5) |
256 (dummy_refresh_clock << 4);
259 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
261 cpu_x86_set_a20(cpu_single_env, (val >> 1) & 1);
262 /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
265 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
267 return ((cpu_single_env->a20_mask >> 20) & 1) << 1;
270 /***********************************************************/
271 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
273 void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
275 static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown";
276 static int shutdown_index = 0;
279 /* Bochs BIOS messages */
282 fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val);
287 fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
291 /* same as Bochs power off */
292 if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) {
294 if (shutdown_index == 8) {
296 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
303 /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
306 fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val);
311 fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
317 void bochs_bios_init(void)
319 register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
320 register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
321 register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
322 register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
323 register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
325 register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
326 register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
327 register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
328 register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
332 int load_kernel(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr,
338 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
342 /* load 16 bit code */
343 if (read(fd, real_addr, 512) != 512)
345 setup_sects = real_addr[0x1F1];
348 if (read(fd, real_addr + 512, setup_sects * 512) !=
352 /* load 32 bit code */
353 size = read(fd, addr, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
363 static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
364 static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
365 static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 };
367 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
369 static int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };
370 static int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
372 static int serial_io[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 };
373 static int serial_irq[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 };
375 /* PC hardware initialisation */
376 void pc_init(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device,
377 DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename, int snapshot,
378 const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline,
379 const char *initrd_filename)
382 int ret, linux_boot, initrd_size, i, nb_nics1;
383 unsigned long bios_offset, vga_bios_offset;
384 int bios_size, isa_bios_size;
387 linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
390 cpu_register_physical_memory(0, ram_size, 0);
393 bios_offset = ram_size + vga_ram_size;
394 vga_bios_offset = bios_offset + 256 * 1024;
396 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, BIOS_FILENAME);
397 bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
398 if (bios_size <= 0 ||
399 (bios_size % 65536) != 0 ||
400 bios_size > (256 * 1024)) {
403 ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + bios_offset);
404 if (ret != bios_size) {
406 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC bios '%s'\n", buf);
411 if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
412 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME);
414 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_FILENAME);
416 ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + vga_bios_offset);
418 /* setup basic memory access */
419 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
420 vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
422 /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
423 isa_bios_size = bios_size;
424 if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024))
425 isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024;
426 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size,
428 cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
430 (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM);
431 /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
432 cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
433 bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
438 uint8_t bootsect[512];
439 uint8_t old_bootsect[512];
441 if (bs_table[0] == NULL) {
442 fprintf(stderr, "A disk image must be given for 'hda' when booting a Linux kernel\n");
445 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME);
446 ret = load_image(buf, bootsect);
447 if (ret != sizeof(bootsect)) {
448 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load linux boot sector '%s'\n",
453 if (bdrv_read(bs_table[0], 0, old_bootsect, 1) >= 0) {
454 /* copy the MSDOS partition table */
455 memcpy(bootsect + 0x1be, old_bootsect + 0x1be, 0x40);
458 bdrv_set_boot_sector(bs_table[0], bootsect, sizeof(bootsect));
460 /* now we can load the kernel */
461 ret = load_kernel(kernel_filename,
462 phys_ram_base + KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR,
463 phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
465 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
472 if (initrd_filename) {
473 initrd_size = load_image(initrd_filename, phys_ram_base + INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
474 if (initrd_size < 0) {
475 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
480 if (initrd_size > 0) {
481 stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x218, INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
482 stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x21c, initrd_size);
484 pstrcpy(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR, 4096,
486 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x20, 0xA33F);
487 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x22,
488 KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR - KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
490 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x210, 0x01);
494 pci_bus = i440fx_init();
500 /* init basic PC hardware */
501 register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL);
503 register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL);
505 if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
507 pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus,
508 ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
511 isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
515 vga_initialize(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
519 rtc_state = rtc_init(0x70, 8);
520 register_ioport_read(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_read, NULL);
521 register_ioport_write(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_write, NULL);
523 register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL);
524 register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL);
527 pit = pit_init(0x40, 0);
529 for(i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) {
531 serial_init(serial_io[i], serial_irq[i], serial_hds[i]);
536 for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
537 pci_ne2000_init(pci_bus, &nd_table[i]);
539 pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, bs_table);
542 if (nb_nics1 > NE2000_NB_MAX)
543 nb_nics1 = NE2000_NB_MAX;
544 for(i = 0; i < nb_nics1; i++) {
545 isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[i], ne2000_irq[i], &nd_table[i]);
548 for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
549 isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], ide_irq[i],
550 bs_table[2 * i], bs_table[2 * i + 1]);
573 floppy_controller = fdctrl_init(6, 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd_table);
575 cmos_init(ram_size, boot_device, bs_table);
577 /* must be done after all PCI devices are instanciated */
578 /* XXX: should be done in the Bochs BIOS */