1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
2 Version 3, 29 June 2007
4 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
5 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
6 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
10 The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
11 software and other kinds of works.
13 The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
14 to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
15 the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
16 share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
17 software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
18 GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
19 any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
22 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
23 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
24 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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32 you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
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40 Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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47 changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
48 authors of previous versions.
50 Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
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56 have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
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61 Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
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68 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
75 "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
77 "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
78 works, such as semiconductor masks.
80 "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
81 License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
82 "recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
84 To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
85 in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
86 exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
87 earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
89 A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
92 To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
93 permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
94 infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
95 computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
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97 public, and in some countries other activities as well.
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103 An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notira covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
104 circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
105 is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
106 the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
107 modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
108 users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
109 technological measures.
111 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
113 You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
114 receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
115 appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
116 keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
117 non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
118 keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
119 recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
121 You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
122 and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
124 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
126 You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
127 produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
128 terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
130 a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
131 it, and giving a relevant date.
133 b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
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138 c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
139 License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
140 License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
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142 regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
143 permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
144 invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
146 d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
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148 interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
149 work need not make them do so.
151 A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
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154 in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
155 "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
156 used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
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159 parts of the aggregate.
161 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
163 You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
164 of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
165 machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
166 in one of these ways:
168 a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
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170 Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
171 customarily used for software interchange.
173 b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
174 (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
175 written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
176 long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
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178 copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
179 product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
180 medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
181 more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
182 conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
183 Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
185 c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
186 written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
187 alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
188 only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
191 d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
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196 copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
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198 that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
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202 available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
204 e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
205 you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
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207 charge under subsection 6d.
209 A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
210 from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
211 included in conveying the object code work.
213 A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
214 tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
215 or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
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217 doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
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220 of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
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223 commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
224 the only significant mode of use of the product.
226 "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
227 procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
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229 a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
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231 code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
232 modification has been made.
234 If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
235 specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
236 part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
237 User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
238 fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
239 Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
240 by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
241 if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
242 modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
243 been installed in ROM).
245 The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
246 requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
247 for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
248 the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
249 network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
250 adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
251 protocols for communication across the network.
253 Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
254 in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
255 documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
256 source code form), and must require no special password or key for
257 unpacking, reading or copying.
261 "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
262 License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
263 Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
264 be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
265 that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
266 apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
267 under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
268 this License without regard to the additional permissions.
270 When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
271 remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
272 it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
273 removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
274 additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
275 for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
277 Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
278 add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
279 that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
281 a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
282 terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
284 b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
285 author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
286 Notices displayed by works containing it; or
288 c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
289 requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
290 reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
292 d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
293 authors of the material; or
295 e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
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298 f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
299 material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
300 it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
301 any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
302 those licensors and authors.
304 All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
305 restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
306 received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
307 governed by this License along with a term that is a further
308 restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
309 a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
310 License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
311 of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
312 not survive such relicensing or conveying.
314 If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
315 must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
316 additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
317 where to find the applicable terms.
319 Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
320 form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
321 the above requirements apply either way.
325 You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
326 provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
327 modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
328 this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
329 paragraph of section 11).
331 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
332 license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
333 provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
334 finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
335 holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
336 prior to 60 days after the cessation.
338 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
339 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
340 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
341 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
342 copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
343 your receipt of the notice.
345 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
346 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
347 this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
348 reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
349 material under section 10.
351 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
353 You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
354 run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
355 occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
356 to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
357 nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
358 modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
359 not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
360 covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
362 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
364 Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
365 receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
366 propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
367 for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
369 An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
370 organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
371 organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
372 work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
373 transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
374 licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
375 give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
376 Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
377 the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
379 You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
380 rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
381 not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
382 rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
383 (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
384 any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
385 sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
389 A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
390 License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
391 work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
393 A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
394 owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
395 hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
396 by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
397 but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
398 consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
399 purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
400 patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
403 Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
404 patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
405 make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
406 propagate the contents of its contributor version.
408 In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
409 agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
410 (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
411 sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
412 party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
413 patent against the party.
415 If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
416 and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
417 to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
418 publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
419 then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
420 available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
421 patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
422 consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
423 license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
424 actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
425 covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
426 in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
427 country that you have reason to believe are valid.
429 If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
430 arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
431 covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
432 receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
433 or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
434 you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
435 work and works based on it.
437 A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
438 the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
439 conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
440 specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
441 work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
442 in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
443 to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
444 the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
445 parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
446 patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
447 conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
448 for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
449 contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
450 or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
452 Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
453 any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
454 otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
456 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
458 If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
459 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
460 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
461 covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
462 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
463 not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
464 to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
465 the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
466 License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
468 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
470 Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
471 permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
472 under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
473 combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
474 License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
475 but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
476 section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
479 14. Revised Versions of this License.
481 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
482 the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
483 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
484 address new problems or concerns.
486 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
487 Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
488 Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
489 option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
490 version or of any later version published by the Free Software
491 Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
492 GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
493 by the Free Software Foundation.
495 If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
496 versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
497 public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
498 to choose that version for the Program.
500 Later license versions may give you additional or different
501 permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
502 author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
505 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
507 THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
508 APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
509 HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
510 OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
511 THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
512 PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
513 IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
514 ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
516 16. Limitation of Liability.
518 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
519 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
520 THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
521 GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
522 USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
523 DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
524 PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
525 EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
528 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
530 If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
531 above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
532 reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
533 an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
534 Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
535 copy of the Program in return for a fee.
537 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
539 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
541 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
542 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
543 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
545 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
546 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
547 state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
548 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
550 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
551 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
553 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
554 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
555 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
556 (at your option) any later version.
558 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
559 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
560 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
561 GNU General Public License for more details.
563 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
564 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
566 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
568 If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
569 notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
571 <program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
572 This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
573 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
574 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
576 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
577 parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
578 might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
580 You should also get your emp