Add support for reading RFKILL events
[connman] / src / element.c
index 7361eb2..e670864 100644 (file)
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  *
  *  Connection Manager
  *
- *  Copyright (C) 2007-2008  Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *  Copyright (C) 2007-2009  Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
  *
  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 
 static DBusConnection *connection;
 
-static GStaticRWLock element_lock = G_STATIC_RW_LOCK_INIT;
 static GNode *element_root = NULL;
-
 static GSList *driver_list = NULL;
-
 static gchar *device_filter = NULL;
 
-static struct {
-       enum connman_property_id id;
-       int type;
-       const char *name;
-       const void *value;
-} propid_table[] = {
-       { CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_METHOD,
-               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, "IPv4.Method", "dhcp" },
-       { CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_ADDRESS,
-               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, "IPv4.Address" },
-       { CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_NETMASK,
-               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, "IPv4.Netmask" },
-       { CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_GATEWAY,
-               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, "IPv4.Gateway" },
-       { CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_NAMESERVER,
-               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, "IPv4.Nameserver" },
-
-       { CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_WIFI_SECURITY,
-               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, "WiFi.Security" },
-       { CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_WIFI_PASSPHRASE,
-               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, "WiFi.Passphrase" },
-
-       { }
-};
-
-static int propid2type(enum connman_property_id id)
-{
-       int i;
-
-       for (i = 0; propid_table[i].name; i++) {
-               if (propid_table[i].id == id)
-                       return propid_table[i].type;
-       }
-
-       return DBUS_TYPE_INVALID;
-}
-
-static const char *propid2name(enum connman_property_id id)
-{
-       int i;
-
-       for (i = 0; propid_table[i].name; i++) {
-               if (propid_table[i].id == id)
-                       return propid_table[i].name;
-       }
-
-       return NULL;
-}
+static gboolean started = FALSE;
 
 static const char *type2string(enum connman_element_type type)
 {
@@ -105,6 +55,8 @@ static const char *type2string(enum connman_element_type type)
                return "network";
        case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_SERVICE:
                return "service";
+       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_PPP:
+               return "ppp";
        case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_IPV4:
                return "ipv4";
        case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_IPV6:
@@ -115,700 +67,110 @@ static const char *type2string(enum connman_element_type type)
                return "bootp";
        case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_ZEROCONF:
                return "zeroconf";
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_RESOLVER:
-               return "resolver";
        case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_CONNECTION:
                return "connection";
+       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_VENDOR:
+               return "vendor";
        }
 
        return NULL;
 }
 
-static const char *subtype2string(enum connman_element_subtype type)
-{
-       switch (type) {
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_UNKNOWN:
-               return "unknown";
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_FAKE:
-               return "fake";
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_NETWORK:
-               return "network";
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_ETHERNET:
-               return "ethernet";
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_WIFI:
-               return "wifi";
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_WIMAX:
-               return "wimax";
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_MODEM:
-               return "modem";
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_BLUETOOTH:
-               return "bluetooth";
-       }
-
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-const char *__connman_element_policy2string(enum connman_element_policy policy)
+const char *__connman_ipv4_method2string(enum connman_ipv4_method method)
 {
-       switch (policy) {
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_UNKNOWN:
+       switch (method) {
+       case CONNMAN_IPV4_METHOD_UNKNOWN:
                return "unknown";
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_OFF:
+       case CONNMAN_IPV4_METHOD_OFF:
                return "off";
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_AUTO:
-               return "auto";
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_IGNORE:
-               return "ignore";
-       case CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_ASK:
-               return "ask";
+       case CONNMAN_IPV4_METHOD_STATIC:
+               return "static";
+       case CONNMAN_IPV4_METHOD_DHCP:
+               return "dhcp";
        }
 
-       return NULL;
+       return "unknown";
 }
 
-enum connman_element_policy __connman_element_string2policy(const char *policy)
+enum connman_ipv4_method __connman_ipv4_string2method(const char *method)
 {
-       if (strcasecmp(policy, "off") == 0)
-               return CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_OFF;
-       else if (strcasecmp(policy, "ignore") == 0)
-               return CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_IGNORE;
-       else if (strcasecmp(policy, "auto") == 0)
-               return CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_AUTO;
-       else if (strcasecmp(policy, "ask") == 0)
-               return CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_ASK;
+       if (strcasecmp(method, "off") == 0)
+               return CONNMAN_IPV4_METHOD_OFF;
+       else if (strcasecmp(method, "static") == 0)
+               return CONNMAN_IPV4_METHOD_STATIC;
+       else if (strcasecmp(method, "dhcp") == 0)
+               return CONNMAN_IPV4_METHOD_DHCP;
        else
-               return CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_UNKNOWN;
-}
-
-static void append_property(DBusMessageIter *dict,
-                               struct connman_property *property)
-{
-       if (property->value == NULL)
-               return;
-
-       switch (property->type) {
-       case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_array(dict, property->name,
-                       property->subtype, &property->value, property->size);
-               break;
-       case DBUS_TYPE_STRING:
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(dict, property->name,
-                                       property->type, &property->value);
-               break;
-       default:
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(dict, property->name,
-                                       property->type, property->value);
-               break;
-       }
+               return CONNMAN_IPV4_METHOD_UNKNOWN;
 }
 
-static void add_common_properties(struct connman_element *element,
-                                               DBusMessageIter *dict)
+static void emit_element_signal(DBusConnection *conn, const char *member,
+                                       struct connman_element *element)
 {
-       const char *address = NULL, *netmask = NULL, *gateway = NULL;
-       GSList *list;
-
-       connman_element_get_value(element,
-                               CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_ADDRESS, &address);
-       connman_element_get_value(element,
-                               CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_NETMASK, &netmask);
-       connman_element_get_value(element,
-                               CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_GATEWAY, &gateway);
-
-       if (element->priority > 0)
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(dict, "Priority",
-                                       DBUS_TYPE_UINT16, &element->priority);
-
-       if (address != NULL)
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(dict, "IPv4.Address",
-                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &address);
-       if (netmask != NULL)
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(dict, "IPv4.Netmask",
-                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &netmask);
-       if (gateway != NULL)
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(dict, "IPv4.Gateway",
-                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &gateway);
-
-       if (element->wifi.security != NULL) {
-               const char *passphrase = "";
-
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(dict, "WiFi.Security",
-                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &element->wifi.security);
-
-               if (element->wifi.passphrase != NULL)
-                       passphrase = element->wifi.passphrase;
-
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(dict, "WiFi.Passphrase",
-                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &passphrase);
-       }
-
-       __connman_element_lock(element);
-
-       for (list = element->properties; list; list = list->next) {
-               struct connman_property *property = list->data;
-
-               append_property(dict, property);
-       }
-
-       __connman_element_unlock(element);
-}
-
-static void set_common_property(struct connman_element *element,
-                               const char *name, DBusMessageIter *value)
-{
-       GSList *list;
+       DBusMessage *signal;
 
-       if (g_str_equal(name, "Priority") == TRUE) {
-               dbus_message_iter_get_basic(value, &element->priority);
+       if (__connman_debug_enabled() == FALSE)
                return;
-       }
 
-       __connman_element_lock(element);
-
-       for (list = element->properties; list; list = list->next) {
-               struct connman_property *property = list->data;
-               const char *str;
-
-               if (g_str_equal(property->name, name) == FALSE)
-                       continue;
-
-               if (property->flags & CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_STATIC)
-                       continue;
-
-               property->flags &= ~CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_REFERENCE;
-
-               if (property->type == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
-                       dbus_message_iter_get_basic(value, &str);
-                       g_free(property->value);
-                       property->value = g_strdup(str);
-               } else
-                       property->value = NULL;
-       }
-
-       __connman_element_unlock(element);
-}
-
-static DBusMessage *do_update(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
-{
-       struct connman_element *element = data;
-
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
-
-       if (element->enabled == FALSE)
-               return __connman_error_failed(msg);
-
-       if (element->driver && element->driver->update) {
-               DBG("Calling update callback");
-               if (element->driver->update(element) < 0)
-                       return __connman_error_failed(msg);
+       DBG("conn %p member %s", conn, member);
 
-       }
-
-       return g_dbus_create_reply(msg, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-}
-
-static DBusMessage *do_enable(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
-{
-       struct connman_element *element = data;
-
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
-
-       if (element->enabled == TRUE)
-               return __connman_error_failed(msg);
-
-       if (element->driver && element->driver->enable) {
-               DBG("Calling enable callback");
-               if (element->driver->enable(element) < 0)
-                       return __connman_error_failed(msg);
-       }
-
-       element->enabled = TRUE;
-
-#if 0
-       g_dbus_emit_signal(connection, CONNMAN_MANAGER_PATH,
-                               CONNMAN_MANAGER_INTERFACE, "ElementUpdated",
-                               DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &element->path,
-                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-#endif
-
-       return g_dbus_create_reply(msg, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-}
-
-static DBusMessage *do_disable(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
-{
-       struct connman_element *element = data;
-
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
-
-       if (element->enabled == FALSE)
-               return __connman_error_failed(msg);
-
-       if (element->driver && element->driver->disable) {
-               DBG("Calling disable callback");
-               if (element->driver->disable(element) < 0)
-                       return __connman_error_failed(msg);
-       }
-
-       element->enabled = FALSE;
-
-#if 0
-       g_dbus_emit_signal(connection, CONNMAN_MANAGER_PATH,
-                               CONNMAN_MANAGER_INTERFACE, "ElementUpdated",
-                               DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &element->path,
-                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-#endif
-
-       return g_dbus_create_reply(msg, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-}
-
-static void append_networks(struct connman_element *element,
-                                               DBusMessageIter *dict)
-{
-       DBusMessageIter entry, value, iter;
-       const char *key = "Networks";
-
-       if (element->subtype != CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_WIFI &&
-                       element->subtype != CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_WIMAX)
+       if (element == NULL)
                return;
 
-       dbus_message_iter_open_container(dict, DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY,
-                                                               NULL, &entry);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&entry, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_open_container(&entry, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
-               DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY_AS_STRING DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH_AS_STRING,
-                                                               &value);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_open_container(&value, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
-                               DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH_AS_STRING, &iter);
-
-       __connman_element_list(element, CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_NETWORK, &iter);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_close_container(&value, &iter);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_close_container(&entry, &value);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_close_container(dict, &entry);
-}
-
-static DBusMessage *device_get_properties(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
-{
-       struct connman_element *element = data;
-       DBusMessage *reply;
-       DBusMessageIter array, dict;
-       const char *str;
-
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
-
-       reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(msg);
-       if (reply == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-
-       dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &array);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_open_container(&array, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
-                       DBUS_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN_CHAR_AS_STRING
-                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING_AS_STRING DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT_AS_STRING
-                       DBUS_DICT_ENTRY_END_CHAR_AS_STRING, &dict);
-
-       str = subtype2string(element->subtype);
-       if (str != NULL)
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(&dict, "Type",
-                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &str);
-
-       str = __connman_element_policy2string(element->policy);
-       if (str != NULL)
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(&dict, "Policy",
-                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &str);
-
-       connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(&dict, "Powered",
-                                       DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &element->enabled);
-
-       append_networks(element, &dict);
-
-       add_common_properties(element, &dict);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_close_container(&array, &dict);
-
-       return reply;
-}
-
-static DBusMessage *device_set_property(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
-{
-       struct connman_element *element = data;
-       DBusMessageIter iter, value;
-       const char *name;
-
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
-
-       if (dbus_message_iter_init(msg, &iter) == FALSE)
-               return __connman_error_invalid_arguments(msg);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&iter, &name);
-       dbus_message_iter_next(&iter);
-       dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &value);
-
-       if (__connman_security_check_privileges(msg) < 0)
-               return __connman_error_permission_denied(msg);
-
-       if (g_str_equal(name, "Powered") == TRUE) {
-               dbus_bool_t powered;
-
-               dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&value, &powered);
-
-               if (powered == TRUE)
-                       do_enable(conn, msg, data);
-               else
-                       do_disable(conn, msg, data);
-       } else
-               set_common_property(element, name, &value);
-
-       __connman_element_store(element);
-
-       return g_dbus_create_reply(msg, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-}
-
-static int parse_network_dict(DBusMessageIter *iter, const char **ssid,
-                               const char **security, const char **passphrase)
-{
-       while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
-               DBusMessageIter entry, value;
-               const char *key;
-
-               dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &entry);
-               dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&entry, &key);
-
-               dbus_message_iter_next(&entry);
-               dbus_message_iter_recurse(&entry, &value);
-
-               switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&value)) {
-               case DBUS_TYPE_STRING:
-                       if (g_str_equal(key, "WiFi.SSID") == TRUE)
-                               dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&value, ssid);
-                       else if (g_str_equal(key, "WiFi.Security") == TRUE)
-                               dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&value, security);
-                       else if (g_str_equal(key, "WiFi.Passphrase") == TRUE)
-                               dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&value, passphrase);
-                       break;
-               }
-
-               dbus_message_iter_next(iter);
-       }
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static DBusMessage *device_create_network(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
-{
-       struct connman_element *element = data;
-       struct connman_element *network;
-       DBusMessageIter iter, array;
-       const char *ssid = NULL, *security = NULL, *passphrase = NULL;
-
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
-
-       if (dbus_message_iter_init(msg, &iter) == FALSE)
-               return __connman_error_invalid_arguments(msg);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &array);
-       parse_network_dict(&array, &ssid, &security, &passphrase);
-       if (ssid == NULL)
-               return __connman_error_invalid_arguments(msg);
-
-       DBG("ssid %s security %s passphrase %s", ssid, security, passphrase);
-
-       network = connman_element_create(ssid);
-
-       network->type = CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_NETWORK;
-       network->index = element->index;
-
-       network->remember = TRUE;
-
-       connman_element_add_static_property(network, "Name",
-                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &ssid);
-
-       connman_element_add_static_array_property(element, "WiFi.SSID",
-                                       DBUS_TYPE_BYTE, &ssid, strlen(ssid));
-
-       network->wifi.security = g_strdup(security);
-       network->wifi.passphrase = g_strdup(passphrase);
-
-       connman_element_register(network, element);
-
-       return g_dbus_create_reply(msg, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &network->path,
-                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-}
-
-static DBusMessage *device_remove_network(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
-{
-       return g_dbus_create_reply(msg, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-}
-
-static DBusMessage *network_get_properties(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
-{
-       struct connman_element *element = data;
-       DBusMessage *reply;
-       DBusMessageIter array, dict;
-       const char *str;
-
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
-
-       reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(msg);
-       if (reply == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-
-       dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &array);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_open_container(&array, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
-                       DBUS_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN_CHAR_AS_STRING
-                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING_AS_STRING DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT_AS_STRING
-                       DBUS_DICT_ENTRY_END_CHAR_AS_STRING, &dict);
-
-       str = __connman_element_policy2string(element->policy);
-       if (str != NULL)
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(&dict, "Policy",
-                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &str);
-
-       connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(&dict, "Available",
-                                       DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &element->available);
-
-       connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(&dict, "Connected",
-                                       DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &element->enabled);
-
-       connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(&dict, "Remember",
-                                       DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &element->remember);
-
-       add_common_properties(element, &dict);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_close_container(&array, &dict);
-
-       return reply;
-}
-
-static DBusMessage *network_set_property(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
-{
-       struct connman_element *element = data;
-       DBusMessageIter iter;
-       DBusMessageIter value;
-       const char *name;
-
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
-
-       if (dbus_message_iter_init(msg, &iter) == FALSE)
-               return __connman_error_invalid_arguments(msg);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&iter, &name);
-       dbus_message_iter_next(&iter);
-       dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &value);
-
-       if (__connman_security_check_privileges(msg) < 0)
-               return __connman_error_permission_denied(msg);
-
-       if (g_str_equal(name, "Remember") == TRUE) {
-               dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&value, &element->remember);
-       } else if (g_str_equal(name, "WiFi.Passphrase") == TRUE) {
-               const char *str;
-
-               dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&value, &str);
-               g_free(element->wifi.passphrase);
-               element->wifi.passphrase = g_strdup(str);
-       } else
-               set_common_property(element, name, &value);
-
-       __connman_element_store(element);
-
-       return g_dbus_create_reply(msg, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-}
-
-static DBusMessage *get_connection_properties(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
-{
-       struct connman_element *element = data;
-       DBusMessage *reply;
-       DBusMessageIter array, dict;
-
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
-
-       reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(msg);
-       if (reply == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-
-       dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &array);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_open_container(&array, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
-                       DBUS_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN_CHAR_AS_STRING
-                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING_AS_STRING DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT_AS_STRING
-                       DBUS_DICT_ENTRY_END_CHAR_AS_STRING, &dict);
-
-       add_common_properties(element, &dict);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_close_container(&array, &dict);
+       signal = dbus_message_new_signal(element->path,
+                                       CONNMAN_DEBUG_INTERFACE, member);
+       if (signal == NULL)
+               return;
 
-       return reply;
+       g_dbus_send_message(conn, signal);
 }
 
-#if 0
-static DBusMessage *get_properties(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
-{
-       struct connman_element *element = data;
-       DBusMessage *reply;
-       DBusMessageIter array, dict;
-       const char *str;
-
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
-
-       reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(msg);
-       if (reply == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-
-       dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &array);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_open_container(&array, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
-                       DBUS_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN_CHAR_AS_STRING
-                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING_AS_STRING DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT_AS_STRING
-                       DBUS_DICT_ENTRY_END_CHAR_AS_STRING, &dict);
-
-       if (element->parent != NULL &&
-                       element->parent->type != CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_ROOT) {
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(&dict, "Parent",
-                               DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &element->parent->path);
-       }
-
-       str = type2string(element->type);
-       if (str != NULL)
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(&dict, "Type",
-                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &str);
-       str = subtype2string(element->subtype);
-       if (str != NULL)
-               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(&dict, "Subtype",
-                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &str);
-
-       connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(&dict, "Enabled",
-                                       DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &element->enabled);
-
-       add_common_properties(element, &dict);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_close_container(&array, &dict);
-
-       return reply;
-}
+struct foreach_data {
+       enum connman_element_type type;
+       element_cb_t callback;
+       gpointer user_data;
+};
 
-static DBusMessage *set_property(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
+static gboolean foreach_callback(GNode *node, gpointer user_data)
 {
-       struct connman_element *element = data;
-       DBusMessageIter iter;
-       DBusMessageIter value;
-       const char *name;
-
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
+       struct connman_element *element = node->data;
+       struct foreach_data *data = user_data;
 
-       if (dbus_message_iter_init(msg, &iter) == FALSE)
-               return __connman_error_invalid_arguments(msg);
+       DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
 
-       dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&iter, &name);
-       dbus_message_iter_next(&iter);
-       dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &value);
+       if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_ROOT)
+               return FALSE;
 
-       if (__connman_security_check_privileges(msg) < 0)
-               return __connman_error_permission_denied(msg);
+       if (data->type != CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN &&
+                                       data->type != element->type)
+               return FALSE;
 
-       set_common_property(element, name, &value);
+       if (data->callback)
+               data->callback(element, data->user_data);
 
-       return g_dbus_create_reply(msg, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+       return FALSE;
 }
 
-static DBusMessage *clear_property(DBusConnection *conn,
-                                       DBusMessage *msg, void *data)
+void __connman_element_foreach(struct connman_element *element,
+                               enum connman_element_type type,
+                               element_cb_t callback, gpointer user_data)
 {
-       struct connman_element *element = data;
-       const char *name;
-       GSList *list;
-
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
-
-       if (dbus_message_get_args(msg, NULL, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
-                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) == FALSE)
-               return __connman_error_invalid_arguments(msg);
-
-       if (__connman_security_check_privileges(msg) < 0)
-               return __connman_error_permission_denied(msg);
-
-       __connman_element_lock(element);
-
-       for (list = element->properties; list; list = list->next) {
-               struct connman_property *property = list->data;
-
-               if (g_str_equal(property->name, name) == FALSE)
-                       continue;
-
-               if (property->flags & CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_STATIC)
-                       continue;
-
-               if (property->flags & CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_REFERENCE)
-                       continue;
-
-               property->flags |= CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_REFERENCE;
-
-               if (property->type == DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
-                       g_free(property->value);
-
-               property->value = NULL;
-       }
-
-       __connman_element_unlock(element);
-
-       return g_dbus_create_reply(msg, DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-}
-
-static GDBusMethodTable element_methods[] = {
-       { "GetProperties", "",   "a{sv}", get_properties },
-       { "SetProperty",   "sv", "",      set_property   },
-       { "ClearProperty", "s",  "",      clear_property },
-       { "Update",        "",   "",      do_update      },
-       { "Enable",        "",   "",      do_enable      },
-       { "Disable",       "",   "",      do_disable     },
-       { },
-};
-#endif
-
-static GDBusSignalTable element_signals[] = {
-       { "PropertyChanged", "sv" },
-       { },
-};
+       struct foreach_data data = { type, callback, user_data };
+       GNode *node;
 
-static GDBusMethodTable device_methods[] = {
-       { "GetProperties", "",      "a{sv}", device_get_properties },
-       { "SetProperty",   "sv",    "",      device_set_property   },
-       { "CreateNetwork", "a{sv}", "o",     device_create_network },
-       { "RemoveNetwork", "o",     "",      device_remove_network },
-       { "ProposeScan",   "",      "",      do_update             },
-       { },
-};
+       DBG("");
 
-static GDBusMethodTable network_methods[] = {
-       { "GetProperties", "",   "a{sv}", network_get_properties },
-       { "SetProperty",   "sv", "",      network_set_property   },
-       { "Connect",       "",   "",      do_enable              },
-       { "Disconnect",    "",   "",      do_disable             },
-       { },
-};
+       if (element != NULL) {
+               node = g_node_find(element_root, G_PRE_ORDER,
+                                               G_TRAVERSE_ALL, element);
+               if (node == NULL)
+                       return;
+       } else
+               node = element_root;
 
-static GDBusMethodTable connection_methods[] = {
-       { "GetProperties", "",   "a{sv}", get_connection_properties },
-       { },
-};
+       g_node_traverse(node, G_PRE_ORDER, G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1,
+                                               foreach_callback, &data);
+}
 
 struct append_filter {
        enum connman_element_type type;
@@ -830,7 +192,11 @@ static gboolean append_path(GNode *node, gpointer user_data)
                return FALSE;
 
        if (filter->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_DEVICE &&
-                       element->subtype == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_NETWORK)
+                       __connman_device_has_driver(element->device) == FALSE)
+               return FALSE;
+
+       if (filter->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_NETWORK &&
+                       __connman_network_has_driver(element->network) == FALSE)
                return FALSE;
 
        dbus_message_iter_append_basic(filter->iter,
@@ -856,10 +222,8 @@ void __connman_element_list(struct connman_element *element,
        } else
                node = element_root;
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_reader_lock(&element_lock);
        g_node_traverse(node, G_PRE_ORDER, G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1,
                                                append_path, &filter);
-       g_static_rw_lock_reader_unlock(&element_lock);
 }
 
 struct count_data {
@@ -902,14 +266,97 @@ int __connman_element_count(struct connman_element *element,
        } else
                node = element_root;
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_reader_lock(&element_lock);
        g_node_traverse(node, G_PRE_ORDER, G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1,
                                                count_element, &data);
-       g_static_rw_lock_reader_unlock(&element_lock);
 
        return data.count;
 }
 
+static struct connman_network *__connman_element_get_network(struct connman_element *element)
+{
+       if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_NETWORK &&
+                                               element->network != NULL)
+               return element->network;
+
+       if (element->parent == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       return __connman_element_get_network(element->parent);
+}
+
+struct connman_service *__connman_element_get_service(struct connman_element *element)
+{
+       struct connman_service *service = NULL;
+       struct connman_network *network;
+       struct connman_device *device;
+       enum connman_device_type type;
+
+       device = __connman_element_get_device(element);
+       if (device == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       type = connman_device_get_type(device);
+
+       switch (type) {
+       case CONNMAN_DEVICE_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
+       case CONNMAN_DEVICE_TYPE_VENDOR:
+       case CONNMAN_DEVICE_TYPE_BLUETOOTH:
+       case CONNMAN_DEVICE_TYPE_GPS:
+       case CONNMAN_DEVICE_TYPE_HSO:
+       case CONNMAN_DEVICE_TYPE_NOZOMI:
+       case CONNMAN_DEVICE_TYPE_HUAWEI:
+       case CONNMAN_DEVICE_TYPE_NOVATEL:
+               break;
+       case CONNMAN_DEVICE_TYPE_ETHERNET:
+               service = __connman_service_lookup_from_device(device);
+               break;
+       case CONNMAN_DEVICE_TYPE_WIFI:
+       case CONNMAN_DEVICE_TYPE_WIMAX:
+               network = __connman_element_get_network(element);
+               if (network == NULL)
+                       return NULL;
+               service = __connman_service_lookup_from_network(network);
+               break;
+       }
+
+       return service;
+}
+
+struct connman_device *__connman_element_get_device(struct connman_element *element)
+{
+       if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_DEVICE &&
+                                               element->device != NULL)
+               return element->device;
+
+       if (element->parent == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       return __connman_element_get_device(element->parent);
+}
+
+const char *__connman_element_get_device_path(struct connman_element *element)
+{
+       struct connman_device *device;
+
+       device = __connman_element_get_device(element);
+       if (device == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       return connman_device_get_path(device);
+}
+
+const char *__connman_element_get_network_path(struct connman_element *element)
+{
+       if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_NETWORK &&
+                                               element->network != NULL)
+               return element->path;
+
+       if (element->parent == NULL)
+               return NULL;
+
+       return __connman_element_get_network_path(element->parent);
+}
+
 static gint compare_priority(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
 {
        const struct connman_driver *driver1 = a;
@@ -924,31 +371,13 @@ static gboolean match_driver(struct connman_element *element,
        if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_ROOT)
                return FALSE;
 
-       if (element->type != driver->type &&
-                       driver->type != CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN)
-               return FALSE;
-
-       if (element->subtype == driver->subtype ||
-                       driver->subtype == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_UNKNOWN)
+       if (element->type == driver->type ||
+                       driver->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN)
                return TRUE;
 
        return FALSE;
 }
 
-static void enable_element(struct connman_element *element)
-{
-       if (element->type != CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_DEVICE)
-               return;
-
-       if (element->policy != CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_AUTO)
-               return;
-
-       if (element->driver && element->driver->enable) {
-               if (element->driver->enable(element) == 0)
-                       element->enabled = TRUE;
-       }
-}
-
 static gboolean probe_driver(GNode *node, gpointer data)
 {
        struct connman_element *element = node->data;
@@ -963,8 +392,6 @@ static gboolean probe_driver(GNode *node, gpointer data)
                __connman_element_lock(element);
                element->driver = driver;
                __connman_element_unlock(element);
-
-               enable_element(element);
        }
 
        return FALSE;
@@ -977,13 +404,9 @@ void __connman_driver_rescan(struct connman_driver *driver)
        if (!driver->probe)
                return;
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock(&element_lock);
-
        if (element_root != NULL)
                g_node_traverse(element_root, G_PRE_ORDER,
                                G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1, probe_driver, driver);
-
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(&element_lock);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1004,34 +427,19 @@ int connman_driver_register(struct connman_driver *driver)
        if (!driver->probe)
                return -EINVAL;
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock(&element_lock);
-
        driver_list = g_slist_insert_sorted(driver_list, driver,
                                                        compare_priority);
 
+       if (started == FALSE)
+               return 0;
+
        if (element_root != NULL)
                g_node_traverse(element_root, G_PRE_ORDER,
                                G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1, probe_driver, driver);
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(&element_lock);
-
        return 0;
 }
 
-static void disable_element(struct connman_element *element)
-{
-       if (element->policy != CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_AUTO)
-               return;
-
-       if (element->enabled == FALSE)
-               return;
-
-       if (element->driver && element->driver->disable) {
-               if (element->driver->disable(element) == 0)
-                       element->enabled = FALSE;
-       }
-}
-
 static gboolean remove_driver(GNode *node, gpointer data)
 {
        struct connman_element *element = node->data;
@@ -1040,8 +448,6 @@ static gboolean remove_driver(GNode *node, gpointer data)
        DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
 
        if (element->driver == driver) {
-               disable_element(element);
-
                if (driver->remove)
                        driver->remove(element);
 
@@ -1063,15 +469,40 @@ void connman_driver_unregister(struct connman_driver *driver)
 {
        DBG("driver %p name %s", driver, driver->name);
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock(&element_lock);
-
        driver_list = g_slist_remove(driver_list, driver);
 
        if (element_root != NULL)
                g_node_traverse(element_root, G_POST_ORDER,
                                G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1, remove_driver, driver);
+}
+
+static void unregister_property(gpointer data)
+{
+       struct connman_property *property = data;
+
+       DBG("property %p", property);
+
+       g_free(property->value);
+       g_free(property);
+}
+
+void __connman_element_initialize(struct connman_element *element)
+{
+       DBG("element %p", element);
+
+       element->refcount = 1;
+
+       element->name    = NULL;
+       element->type    = CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+       element->state   = CONNMAN_ELEMENT_STATE_UNKNOWN;
+       element->error   = CONNMAN_ELEMENT_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
+       element->index   = -1;
+       element->enabled = FALSE;
+
+       element->configuring = FALSE;
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(&element_lock);
+       element->properties = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, g_str_equal,
+                                               g_free, unregister_property);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1093,15 +524,7 @@ struct connman_element *connman_element_create(const char *name)
 
        DBG("element %p", element);
 
-       element->refcount = 1;
-
-       element->name    = g_strdup(name);
-       element->type    = CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
-       element->subtype = CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_UNKNOWN;
-       element->state   = CONNMAN_ELEMENT_STATE_CLOSED;
-       element->policy  = CONNMAN_ELEMENT_POLICY_AUTO;
-       element->index   = -1;
-       element->enabled = FALSE;
+       __connman_element_initialize(element);
 
        return element;
 }
@@ -1118,24 +541,11 @@ struct connman_element *connman_element_ref(struct connman_element *element)
 
 static void free_properties(struct connman_element *element)
 {
-       GSList *list;
-
        DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
 
        __connman_element_lock(element);
 
-       for (list = element->properties; list; list = list->next) {
-               struct connman_property *property = list->data;
-
-               if (!(property->flags & CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_REFERENCE))
-                       g_free(property->value);
-
-               g_free(property->name);
-               g_free(property);
-       }
-
-       g_slist_free(element->properties);
-
+       g_hash_table_destroy(element->properties);
        element->properties = NULL;
 
        __connman_element_unlock(element);
@@ -1147,6 +557,8 @@ void connman_element_unref(struct connman_element *element)
                                g_atomic_int_get(&element->refcount) - 1);
 
        if (g_atomic_int_dec_and_test(&element->refcount) == TRUE) {
+               if (element->destruct)
+                       element->destruct(element);
                free_properties(element);
                g_free(element->ipv4.address);
                g_free(element->ipv4.netmask);
@@ -1161,7 +573,7 @@ void connman_element_unref(struct connman_element *element)
        }
 }
 
-int connman_element_add_static_property(struct connman_element *element,
+static int set_static_property(struct connman_element *element,
                                const char *name, int type, const void *value)
 {
        struct connman_property *property;
@@ -1175,10 +587,8 @@ int connman_element_add_static_property(struct connman_element *element,
        if (property == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
 
-       property->flags = CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_STATIC;
-       property->id    = CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_INVALID;
-       property->name  = g_strdup(name);
-       property->type  = type;
+       property->id   = CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_INVALID;
+       property->type = type;
 
        DBG("name %s type %d value %p", name, type, value);
 
@@ -1194,13 +604,15 @@ int connman_element_add_static_property(struct connman_element *element,
        }
 
        __connman_element_lock(element);
-       element->properties = g_slist_append(element->properties, property);
+
+       g_hash_table_replace(element->properties, g_strdup(name), property);
+
        __connman_element_unlock(element);
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-int connman_element_add_static_array_property(struct connman_element *element,
+static int set_static_array_property(struct connman_element *element,
                        const char *name, int type, const void *value, int len)
 {
        struct connman_property *property;
@@ -1214,9 +626,7 @@ int connman_element_add_static_array_property(struct connman_element *element,
        if (property == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
 
-       property->flags   = CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_STATIC;
        property->id      = CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_INVALID;
-       property->name    = g_strdup(name);
        property->type    = DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY;
        property->subtype = type;
 
@@ -1234,169 +644,16 @@ int connman_element_add_static_array_property(struct connman_element *element,
        }
 
        __connman_element_lock(element);
-       element->properties = g_slist_append(element->properties, property);
-       __connman_element_unlock(element);
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static void *get_reference_value(struct connman_element *element,
-                                               enum connman_property_id id)
-{
-       GSList *list;
-
-       DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
-
-       for (list = element->properties; list; list = list->next) {
-               struct connman_property *property = list->data;
-
-               if (property->id != id)
-                       continue;
-
-               if (!(property->flags & CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_REFERENCE))
-                       return property->value;
-       }
-
-       if (element->parent == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-
-       return get_reference_value(element->parent, id);
-}
-
-static void set_reference_properties(struct connman_element *element)
-{
-       GSList *list;
-
-       DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
-
-       for (list = element->properties; list; list = list->next) {
-               struct connman_property *property = list->data;
-
-               if (!(property->flags & CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_REFERENCE))
-                       continue;
-
-               property->value = get_reference_value(element->parent,
-                                                               property->id);
-       }
-}
-
-static struct connman_property *create_property(struct connman_element *element,
-                                               enum connman_property_id id)
-{
-       struct connman_property *property;
-       GSList *list;
-
-       DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
-
-       __connman_element_lock(element);
-
-       for (list = element->properties; list; list = list->next) {
-               property = list->data;
-
-               if (property->id == id)
-                       goto unlock;
-       }
-
-       property = g_try_new0(struct connman_property, 1);
-       if (property == NULL)
-               goto unlock;
-
-       property->flags = CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_REFERENCE;
-       property->id    = id;
-       property->name  = g_strdup(propid2name(id));
-       property->type  = propid2type(id);
-
-       if (property->name == NULL) {
-               g_free(property);
-               property = NULL;
-               goto unlock;
-       }
 
-       element->properties = g_slist_append(element->properties, property);
+       g_hash_table_replace(element->properties, g_strdup(name), property);
 
-unlock:
        __connman_element_unlock(element);
 
-       return property;
-}
-
-static void create_default_properties(struct connman_element *element)
-{
-       struct connman_property *property;
-       int i;
-
-       DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
-
-       for (i = 0; propid_table[i].name; i++) {
-               DBG("property %s", propid_table[i].name);
-
-               property = create_property(element, propid_table[i].id);
-
-               property->flags &= ~CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_REFERENCE;
-
-               if (propid_table[i].type != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
-                       continue;
-
-               if (propid_table[i].value)
-                       property->value = g_strdup(propid_table[i].value);
-               else
-                       property->value = g_strdup("");
-       }
-}
-
-static int define_properties_valist(struct connman_element *element,
-                                                               va_list args)
-{
-       enum connman_property_id id;
-
-       DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
-
-       id = va_arg(args, enum connman_property_id);
-
-       while (id != CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_INVALID) {
-
-               DBG("property %d", id);
-
-               create_property(element, id);
-
-               id = va_arg(args, enum connman_property_id);
-       }
-
        return 0;
 }
 
-/**
- * connman_element_define_properties:
- * @element: an element
- * @varargs: list of property identifiers
- *
- * Define the valid properties for an element.
- *
- * Returns: %0 on success
- */
-int connman_element_define_properties(struct connman_element *element, ...)
-{
-       va_list args;
-       int err;
-
-       DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
-
-       va_start(args, element);
-
-       err = define_properties_valist(element, args);
-
-       va_end(args);
-
-       return err;
-}
-
-int connman_element_create_property(struct connman_element *element,
-                                               const char *name, int type)
-{
-       return -EIO;
-}
-
-int connman_element_set_property(struct connman_element *element,
+#if 0
+static int set_property(struct connman_element *element,
                                enum connman_property_id id, const void *value)
 {
        switch (id) {
@@ -1418,37 +675,25 @@ int connman_element_set_property(struct connman_element *element,
                element->ipv4.gateway = g_strdup(*((const char **) value));
                __connman_element_unlock(element);
                break;
-       case CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_NAMESERVER:
-               __connman_element_lock(element);
-               g_free(element->ipv4.nameserver);
-               element->ipv4.nameserver = g_strdup(*((const char **) value));
-               __connman_element_unlock(element);
-               break;
-       case CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_WIFI_SECURITY:
+       case CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_BROADCAST:
                __connman_element_lock(element);
-               g_free(element->wifi.security);
-               element->wifi.security = g_strdup(*((const char **) value));
+               g_free(element->ipv4.broadcast);
+               element->ipv4.broadcast = g_strdup(*((const char **) value));
                __connman_element_unlock(element);
                break;
-       case CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_WIFI_PASSPHRASE:
+       case CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_NAMESERVER:
                __connman_element_lock(element);
-               g_free(element->wifi.passphrase);
-               element->wifi.passphrase = g_strdup(*((const char **) value));
+               g_free(element->ipv4.nameserver);
+               element->ipv4.nameserver = g_strdup(*((const char **) value));
                __connman_element_unlock(element);
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
 
-#if 0
-       g_dbus_emit_signal(connection, CONNMAN_MANAGER_PATH,
-                               CONNMAN_MANAGER_INTERFACE, "ElementUpdated",
-                               DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &element->path,
-                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-#endif
-
        return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
 int connman_element_get_value(struct connman_element *element,
                                enum connman_property_id id, void *value)
@@ -1457,6 +702,14 @@ int connman_element_get_value(struct connman_element *element,
                return -EINVAL;
 
        switch (id) {
+       case CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_METHOD:
+               if (element->ipv4.method == CONNMAN_IPV4_METHOD_UNKNOWN)
+                       return connman_element_get_value(element->parent,
+                                                               id, value);
+               __connman_element_lock(element);
+               *((const char **) value) = __connman_ipv4_method2string(element->ipv4.method);
+               __connman_element_unlock(element);
+               break;
        case CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_ADDRESS:
                if (element->ipv4.address == NULL)
                        return connman_element_get_value(element->parent,
@@ -1481,28 +734,20 @@ int connman_element_get_value(struct connman_element *element,
                *((char **) value) = element->ipv4.gateway;
                __connman_element_unlock(element);
                break;
-       case CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_NAMESERVER:
-               if (element->ipv4.nameserver == NULL)
-                       return connman_element_get_value(element->parent,
-                                                               id, value);
-               __connman_element_lock(element);
-               *((char **) value) = element->ipv4.nameserver;
-               __connman_element_unlock(element);
-               break;
-       case CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_WIFI_SECURITY:
-               if (element->wifi.security == NULL)
+       case CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_BROADCAST:
+               if (element->ipv4.broadcast == NULL)
                        return connman_element_get_value(element->parent,
                                                                id, value);
                __connman_element_lock(element);
-               *((char **) value) = element->wifi.security;
+               *((char **) value) = element->ipv4.broadcast;
                __connman_element_unlock(element);
                break;
-       case CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_WIFI_PASSPHRASE:
-               if (element->wifi.passphrase == NULL)
+       case CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_NAMESERVER:
+               if (element->ipv4.nameserver == NULL)
                        return connman_element_get_value(element->parent,
                                                                id, value);
                __connman_element_lock(element);
-               *((char **) value) = element->wifi.passphrase;
+               *((char **) value) = element->ipv4.nameserver;
                __connman_element_unlock(element);
                break;
        default:
@@ -1512,60 +757,53 @@ int connman_element_get_value(struct connman_element *element,
        return 0;
 }
 
-gboolean connman_element_get_static_property(struct connman_element *element,
+static gboolean get_static_property(struct connman_element *element,
                                                const char *name, void *value)
 {
-       GSList *list;
+       struct connman_property *property;
        gboolean found = FALSE;
 
        DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
 
        __connman_element_lock(element);
 
-       for (list = element->properties; list; list = list->next) {
-               struct connman_property *property = list->data;
-
-               if (!(property->flags & CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_STATIC))
-                       continue;
-
-               if (g_str_equal(property->name, name) == TRUE) {
-                       switch (property->type) {
-                       case DBUS_TYPE_STRING:
-                               *((char **) value) = property->value;
-                               found = TRUE;
-                               break;
-                       }
+       property = g_hash_table_lookup(element->properties, name);
+       if (property != NULL) {
+               switch (property->type) {
+               case DBUS_TYPE_STRING:
+                       *((char **) value) = property->value;
+                       found = TRUE;
+                       break;
+               case DBUS_TYPE_BYTE:
+                       memcpy(value, property->value, 1);
+                       found = TRUE;
                        break;
                }
        }
 
        __connman_element_unlock(element);
 
+       if (found == FALSE && element->parent != NULL)
+               return get_static_property(element->parent, name, value);
+
        return found;
 }
 
-gboolean connman_element_get_static_array_property(struct connman_element *element,
-                                       const char *name, void *value, int *len)
+static gboolean get_static_array_property(struct connman_element *element,
+                       const char *name, void *value, unsigned int *len)
 {
-       GSList *list;
+       struct connman_property *property;
        gboolean found = FALSE;
 
        DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
 
-       __connman_element_lock(element);
-
-       for (list = element->properties; list; list = list->next) {
-               struct connman_property *property = list->data;
-
-               if (!(property->flags & CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_STATIC))
-                       continue;
-
-               if (g_str_equal(property->name, name) == TRUE) {
-                       *((char **) value) = property->value;
-                       *len = property->size;
-                       found = TRUE;
-                       break;
-               }
+       __connman_element_lock(element);
+
+       property = g_hash_table_lookup(element->properties, name);
+       if (property != NULL) {
+               *((char **) value) = property->value;
+               *len = property->size;
+               found = TRUE;
        }
 
        __connman_element_unlock(element);
@@ -1573,116 +811,228 @@ gboolean connman_element_get_static_array_property(struct connman_element *eleme
        return found;
 }
 
-gboolean connman_element_match_static_property(struct connman_element *element,
+#if 0
+static gboolean match_static_property(struct connman_element *element,
                                        const char *name, const void *value)
 {
-       GSList *list;
+       struct connman_property *property;
        gboolean result = FALSE;
 
        DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
 
        __connman_element_lock(element);
 
-       for (list = element->properties; list; list = list->next) {
-               struct connman_property *property = list->data;
-
-               if (!(property->flags & CONNMAN_PROPERTY_FLAG_STATIC))
-                       continue;
-
-               if (g_str_equal(property->name, name) == FALSE)
-                       continue;
-
+       property = g_hash_table_lookup(element->properties, name);
+       if (property != NULL) {
                if (property->type == DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
                        result = g_str_equal(property->value,
                                                *((const char **) value));
-
-               if (result == TRUE)
-                       break;
        }
 
        __connman_element_unlock(element);
 
        return result;
 }
+#endif
 
-static void append_devices(DBusMessageIter *entry)
+/**
+ * connman_element_set_string:
+ * @element: element structure
+ * @key: unique identifier
+ * @value: string value
+ *
+ * Set string value for specific key
+ */
+int connman_element_set_string(struct connman_element *element,
+                                       const char *key, const char *value)
 {
-       DBusMessageIter value, iter;
-       const char *key = "Devices";
-
-       dbus_message_iter_append_basic(entry, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
-
-       dbus_message_iter_open_container(entry, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
-               DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY_AS_STRING DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH_AS_STRING,
-                                                               &value);
+       return set_static_property(element, key, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &value);
+}
 
-       dbus_message_iter_open_container(&value, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
-                               DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH_AS_STRING, &iter);
+/**
+ * connman_element_get_string:
+ * @element: element structure
+ * @key: unique identifier
+ *
+ * Get string value for specific key
+ */
+const char *connman_element_get_string(struct connman_element *element,
+                                                       const char *key)
+{
+       const char *value;
 
-       __connman_element_list(NULL, CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_DEVICE, &iter);
+       if (get_static_property(element, key, &value) == FALSE)
+               return NULL;
 
-       dbus_message_iter_close_container(&value, &iter);
+       return value;
+}
 
-       dbus_message_iter_close_container(entry, &value);
+/**
+ * connman_element_set_uint8:
+ * @element: element structure
+ * @key: unique identifier
+ * @value: integer value
+ *
+ * Set integer value for specific key
+ */
+int connman_element_set_uint8(struct connman_element *element,
+                                       const char *key, connman_uint8_t value)
+{
+        return set_static_property(element, key, DBUS_TYPE_BYTE, &value);
 }
 
-static void emit_devices_signal(DBusConnection *conn)
+/**
+ * connman_element_get_uint8:
+ * @element: element structure
+ * @key: unique identifier
+ *
+ * Get integer value for specific key
+ */
+connman_uint8_t connman_element_get_uint8(struct connman_element *element,
+                                                       const char *key)
 {
-       DBusMessage *signal;
-       DBusMessageIter entry;
+       connman_uint8_t value;
 
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
+       if (get_static_property(element, key, &value) == FALSE)
+                return 0;
 
-       signal = dbus_message_new_signal(CONNMAN_MANAGER_PATH,
-                               CONNMAN_MANAGER_INTERFACE, "PropertyChanged");
-       if (signal == NULL)
-               return;
+       return value;
+}
 
-       dbus_message_iter_init_append(signal, &entry);
+/**
+ * connman_element_set_blob:
+ * @element: element structure
+ * @key: unique identifier
+ * @data: blob data
+ * @size: blob size
+ *
+ * Set binary blob value for specific key
+ */
+int connman_element_set_blob(struct connman_element *element,
+                       const char *key, const void *data, unsigned int size)
+{
+       return set_static_array_property(element, key,
+                                               DBUS_TYPE_BYTE, &data, size);
+}
+
+/**
+ * connman_element_get_blob:
+ * @element: element structure
+ * @key: unique identifier
+ * @size: pointer to blob size
+ *
+ * Get binary blob value for specific key
+ */
+const void *connman_element_get_blob(struct connman_element *element,
+                                       const char *key, unsigned int *size)
+{
+       void *value;
 
-       append_devices(&entry);
+       if (get_static_array_property(element, key, &value, size) == FALSE)
+               return NULL;
 
-       g_dbus_send_message(conn, signal);
+       return value;
 }
 
-static void append_connections(DBusMessageIter *entry)
+int __connman_element_append_ipv4(struct connman_element *element,
+                                               DBusMessageIter *dict)
 {
-       DBusMessageIter value, iter;
-       const char *key = "Connections";
+       const char *method = NULL;
+       const char *address = NULL, *netmask = NULL, *gateway = NULL;
 
-       dbus_message_iter_append_basic(entry, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &key);
+       connman_element_get_value(element,
+                               CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_METHOD, &method);
 
-       dbus_message_iter_open_container(entry, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
-               DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY_AS_STRING DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH_AS_STRING,
-                                                               &value);
+       connman_element_get_value(element,
+                               CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_ADDRESS, &address);
+       connman_element_get_value(element,
+                               CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_NETMASK, &netmask);
+       connman_element_get_value(element,
+                               CONNMAN_PROPERTY_ID_IPV4_GATEWAY, &gateway);
+
+       if (method != NULL)
+               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(dict, "IPv4.Method",
+                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &method);
 
-       dbus_message_iter_open_container(&value, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
-                               DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH_AS_STRING, &iter);
+       if (address != NULL)
+               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(dict, "IPv4.Address",
+                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &address);
 
-       __connman_element_list(NULL, CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_CONNECTION, &iter);
+       if (netmask != NULL)
+               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(dict, "IPv4.Netmask",
+                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &netmask);
 
-       dbus_message_iter_close_container(&value, &iter);
+       if (gateway != NULL)
+               connman_dbus_dict_append_variant(dict, "IPv4.Gateway",
+                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &gateway);
 
-       dbus_message_iter_close_container(entry, &value);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static void emit_connections_signal(DBusConnection *conn)
+int __connman_element_set_ipv4(struct connman_element *element,
+                               const char *name, DBusMessageIter *value)
 {
-       DBusMessage *signal;
-       DBusMessageIter entry;
+       int type;
 
-       DBG("conn %p", conn);
+       type = dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(value);
 
-       signal = dbus_message_new_signal(CONNMAN_MANAGER_PATH,
-                               CONNMAN_MANAGER_INTERFACE, "PropertyChanged");
-       if (signal == NULL)
-               return;
+       if (g_str_equal(name, "IPv4.Method") == TRUE) {
+               enum connman_ipv4_method method;
+               const char *str;
 
-       dbus_message_iter_init_append(signal, &entry);
+               if (type != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
+                       return -EINVAL;
+
+               dbus_message_iter_get_basic(value, &str);
+               method = __connman_ipv4_string2method(str);
+               if (method == CONNMAN_IPV4_METHOD_UNKNOWN)
+                       return -EINVAL;
 
-       append_connections(&entry);
+               if (method == element->ipv4.method)
+                       return -EALREADY;
 
-       g_dbus_send_message(conn, signal);
+               element->ipv4.method = method;
+
+               connman_element_update(element);
+       } else if (g_str_equal(name, "IPv4.Address") == TRUE) {
+               const char *address;
+
+               if (type != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
+                       return -EINVAL;
+
+               dbus_message_iter_get_basic(value, &address);
+
+               g_free(element->ipv4.address);
+               element->ipv4.address = g_strdup(address);
+
+               connman_element_update(element);
+       } else if (g_str_equal(name, "IPv4.Netmask") == TRUE) {
+               const char *netmask;
+
+               if (type != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
+                       return -EINVAL;
+
+               dbus_message_iter_get_basic(value, &netmask);
+
+               g_free(element->ipv4.netmask);
+               element->ipv4.netmask = g_strdup(netmask);
+
+               connman_element_update(element);
+       } else if (g_str_equal(name, "IPv4.Gateway") == TRUE) {
+               const char *gateway;
+
+               if (type != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
+                       return -EINVAL;
+
+               dbus_message_iter_get_basic(value, &gateway);
+
+               g_free(element->ipv4.gateway);
+               element->ipv4.gateway = g_strdup(gateway);
+
+               connman_element_update(element);
+       }
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
 static void append_state(DBusMessageIter *entry, const char *state)
@@ -1694,9 +1044,7 @@ static void append_state(DBusMessageIter *entry, const char *state)
 
        dbus_message_iter_open_container(entry, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
                                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING_AS_STRING, &value);
-
        dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&value, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &state);
-
        dbus_message_iter_close_container(entry, &value);
 }
 
@@ -1717,119 +1065,101 @@ static void emit_state_change(DBusConnection *conn, const char *state)
        append_state(&entry, state);
 
        g_dbus_send_message(conn, signal);
+
+       signal = dbus_message_new_signal(CONNMAN_MANAGER_PATH,
+                               CONNMAN_MANAGER_INTERFACE, "StateChanged");
+       if (signal == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       dbus_message_iter_init_append(signal, &entry);
+       dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&entry, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &state);
+
+       g_dbus_send_message(conn, signal);
+}
+
+static void probe_element(struct connman_element *element)
+{
+       GSList *list;
+
+       DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
+
+       for (list = driver_list; list; list = list->next) {
+               struct connman_driver *driver = list->data;
+
+               if (match_driver(element, driver) == FALSE)
+                       continue;
+
+               DBG("driver %p name %s", driver, driver->name);
+
+               if (driver->probe(element) == 0) {
+                       __connman_element_lock(element);
+                       element->driver = driver;
+                       __connman_element_unlock(element);
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
 }
 
 static void register_element(gpointer data, gpointer user_data)
 {
        struct connman_element *element = data;
        const gchar *basepath;
-       GSList *list;
        GNode *node;
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock(&element_lock);
-
        __connman_element_lock(element);
 
        if (element->parent) {
                node = g_node_find(element_root, G_PRE_ORDER,
                                        G_TRAVERSE_ALL, element->parent);
                basepath = element->parent->path;
-
-               if (element->subtype == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_UNKNOWN)
-                       element->subtype = element->parent->subtype;
        } else {
                element->parent = element_root->data;
 
                node = element_root;
-               basepath = "";
+               basepath = "/device";
        }
 
        element->path = g_strdup_printf("%s/%s", basepath, element->name);
 
-       set_reference_properties(element);
-
        __connman_element_unlock(element);
 
-       DBG("element %p path %s", element, element->path);
+       if (node == NULL) {
+               connman_error("Element registration for %s failed",
+                                                       element->path);
+               return;
+       }
 
-       __connman_element_load(element);
+       DBG("element %p path %s", element, element->path);
 
        g_node_append_data(node, element);
 
-#if 0
-       if (g_dbus_register_interface(connection, element->path,
-                                       CONNMAN_ELEMENT_INTERFACE,
-                                       element_methods, element_signals,
-                                       NULL, element, NULL) == FALSE)
-               connman_error("Failed to register %s element", element->path);
-#endif
-
-       if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_DEVICE &&
-                       element->subtype != CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_NETWORK) {
-               if (g_dbus_register_interface(connection, element->path,
-                                       CONNMAN_DEVICE_INTERFACE,
-                                       device_methods, element_signals,
-                                       NULL, element, NULL) == FALSE)
-                       connman_error("Failed to register %s device",
-                                                               element->path);
-               else
-                       emit_devices_signal(connection);
-       }
+       if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_DHCP) {
+               element->parent->configuring = TRUE;
 
-       if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_NETWORK) {
-               if (g_dbus_register_interface(connection, element->path,
-                                       CONNMAN_NETWORK_INTERFACE,
-                                       network_methods, element_signals,
-                                       NULL, element, NULL) == FALSE)
-                       connman_error("Failed to register %s network",
-                                                               element->path);
+               if (__connman_element_count(NULL,
+                                       CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_CONNECTION) == 0)
+                       emit_state_change(connection, "connecting");
        }
 
        if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_CONNECTION) {
-               if (g_dbus_register_interface(connection, element->path,
-                                       CONNMAN_CONNECTION_INTERFACE,
-                                       connection_methods, element_signals,
-                                       NULL, element, NULL) == FALSE)
-                       connman_error("Failed to register %s connection",
-                                                               element->path);
-               else {
-                       emit_connections_signal(connection);
-                       emit_state_change(connection, "online");
-               }
-       }
-
-#if 0
-       g_dbus_emit_signal(connection, CONNMAN_MANAGER_PATH,
-                               CONNMAN_MANAGER_INTERFACE, "ElementAdded",
-                               DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &element->path,
-                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-#endif
-
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(&element_lock);
+               struct connman_element *parent = element->parent;
 
-       __connman_element_store(element);
-
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock(&element_lock);
-
-       for (list = driver_list; list; list = list->next) {
-               struct connman_driver *driver = list->data;
-
-               if (match_driver(element, driver) == FALSE)
-                       continue;
+               while (parent) {
+                       parent->configuring = FALSE;
+                       parent = parent->parent;
+               }
 
-               DBG("driver %p name %s", driver, driver->name);
+               if (__connman_element_count(NULL,
+                                       CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_CONNECTION) == 1)
+                       emit_state_change(connection, "online");
+       }
 
-               if (driver->probe(element) == 0) {
-                       __connman_element_lock(element);
-                       element->driver = driver;
-                       __connman_element_unlock(element);
+       emit_element_signal(connection, "ElementAdded", element);
 
-                       enable_element(element);
-                       break;
-               }
-       }
+       if (started == FALSE)
+               return;
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(&element_lock);
+       probe_element(element);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1872,6 +1202,9 @@ int connman_element_register(struct connman_element *element,
                }
        }
 
+       if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_DHCP)
+               element->ipv4.method = CONNMAN_IPV4_METHOD_DHCP;
+
        element->parent = parent;
 
        __connman_element_unlock(element);
@@ -1891,6 +1224,9 @@ static gboolean remove_element(GNode *node, gpointer user_data)
        if (element == root)
                return FALSE;
 
+       if (node != NULL)
+               g_node_unlink(node);
+
        if (element->driver) {
                if (element->driver->remove)
                        element->driver->remove(element);
@@ -1900,42 +1236,16 @@ static gboolean remove_element(GNode *node, gpointer user_data)
                __connman_element_unlock(element);
        }
 
-       if (node != NULL) {
-               g_node_unlink(node);
+       if (node != NULL)
                g_node_destroy(node);
-       }
-
-#if 0
-       g_dbus_emit_signal(connection, CONNMAN_MANAGER_PATH,
-                               CONNMAN_MANAGER_INTERFACE, "ElementRemoved",
-                               DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &element->path,
-                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-#endif
 
        if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_CONNECTION) {
-               emit_state_change(connection, "offline");
-               emit_connections_signal(connection);
-
-               g_dbus_unregister_interface(connection, element->path,
-                                               CONNMAN_CONNECTION_INTERFACE);
-       }
-
-       if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_NETWORK)
-               g_dbus_unregister_interface(connection, element->path,
-                                               CONNMAN_NETWORK_INTERFACE);
-
-       if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_DEVICE &&
-                       element->subtype != CONNMAN_ELEMENT_SUBTYPE_NETWORK) {
-               emit_devices_signal(connection);
-
-               g_dbus_unregister_interface(connection, element->path,
-                                               CONNMAN_DEVICE_INTERFACE);
+               if (__connman_element_count(NULL,
+                                       CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_CONNECTION) == 0)
+                       emit_state_change(connection, "offline");
        }
 
-#if 0
-       g_dbus_unregister_interface(connection, element->path,
-                                               CONNMAN_ELEMENT_INTERFACE);
-#endif
+       emit_element_signal(connection, "ElementRemoved", element);
 
        connman_element_unref(element);
 
@@ -1948,15 +1258,11 @@ void connman_element_unregister(struct connman_element *element)
 
        DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock(&element_lock);
-
        node = g_node_find(element_root, G_PRE_ORDER, G_TRAVERSE_ALL, element);
 
        if (node != NULL)
                g_node_traverse(node, G_POST_ORDER,
                                G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1, remove_element, NULL);
-
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(&element_lock);
 }
 
 void connman_element_unregister_children(struct connman_element *element)
@@ -1965,15 +1271,11 @@ void connman_element_unregister_children(struct connman_element *element)
 
        DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock(&element_lock);
-
        node = g_node_find(element_root, G_PRE_ORDER, G_TRAVERSE_ALL, element);
 
        if (node != NULL)
                g_node_traverse(node, G_POST_ORDER,
                                G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1, remove_element, element);
-
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(&element_lock);
 }
 
 static gboolean update_element(GNode *node, gpointer user_data)
@@ -1985,12 +1287,7 @@ static gboolean update_element(GNode *node, gpointer user_data)
        if (element->driver && element->driver->update)
                element->driver->update(element);
 
-#if 0
-       g_dbus_emit_signal(connection, CONNMAN_MANAGER_PATH,
-                               CONNMAN_MANAGER_INTERFACE, "ElementUpdated",
-                               DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &element->path,
-                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-#endif
+       emit_element_signal(connection, "ElementUpdated", element);
 
        return FALSE;
 }
@@ -2001,15 +1298,11 @@ void connman_element_update(struct connman_element *element)
 
        DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_reader_lock(&element_lock);
-
        node = g_node_find(element_root, G_PRE_ORDER, G_TRAVERSE_ALL, element);
 
        if (node != NULL)
                g_node_traverse(node, G_PRE_ORDER,
-                               G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1, update_element, NULL);
-
-       g_static_rw_lock_reader_unlock(&element_lock);
+                               G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1, update_element, element);
 }
 
 int connman_element_set_enabled(struct connman_element *element,
@@ -2025,7 +1318,36 @@ int connman_element_set_enabled(struct connman_element *element,
        return 0;
 }
 
-int __connman_element_init(DBusConnection *conn, const char *device)
+/**
+ * connman_element_set_error:
+ * @element: element structure
+ * @error: error identifier
+ *
+ * Set error state and specific error identifier
+ */
+void connman_element_set_error(struct connman_element *element,
+                                       enum connman_element_error error)
+{
+       struct connman_service *service;
+
+       DBG("element %p error %d", element, error);
+
+       if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_ROOT)
+               return;
+
+       element->state = CONNMAN_ELEMENT_STATE_ERROR;
+       element->error = error;
+
+       if (element->driver && element->driver->change)
+               element->driver->change(element);
+
+       service = __connman_element_get_service(element);
+       __connman_service_indicate_state(service,
+                                       CONNMAN_SERVICE_STATE_FAILURE);
+}
+
+int __connman_element_init(DBusConnection *conn, const char *device,
+                                                       const char *nodevice)
 {
        struct connman_element *element;
 
@@ -2037,24 +1359,65 @@ int __connman_element_init(DBusConnection *conn, const char *device)
 
        device_filter = g_strdup(device);
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock(&element_lock);
-
        element = connman_element_create("root");
 
        element->path = g_strdup("/");
        element->type = CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_ROOT;
 
-       create_default_properties(element);
-
        element_root = g_node_new(element);
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(&element_lock);
-
+       __connman_notifier_init();
+       __connman_service_init();
+       __connman_network_init();
        __connman_device_init();
 
        return 0;
 }
 
+static gboolean probe_node(GNode *node, gpointer data)
+{
+       struct connman_element *element = node->data;
+
+       DBG("element %p name %s", element, element->name);
+
+       if (element->type == CONNMAN_ELEMENT_TYPE_ROOT)
+               return FALSE;
+
+       if (element->driver)
+               return FALSE;
+
+       probe_element(element);
+
+       return FALSE;
+}
+
+void __connman_element_start(void)
+{
+       DBG("");
+
+       g_node_traverse(element_root, G_PRE_ORDER, G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1,
+                                                       probe_node, NULL);
+
+       started = TRUE;
+
+       __connman_storage_init_device();
+
+       __connman_connection_init();
+       __connman_ipv4_init();
+       __connman_detect_init();
+       __connman_rfkill_init();
+}
+
+void __connman_element_stop(void)
+{
+       DBG("");
+
+       __connman_rfkill_cleanup();
+       __connman_detect_cleanup();
+       __connman_ipv4_cleanup();
+       __connman_connection_cleanup();
+}
+
 static gboolean free_driver(GNode *node, gpointer data)
 {
        struct connman_element *element = node->data;
@@ -2090,21 +1453,18 @@ void __connman_element_cleanup(void)
        DBG("");
 
        __connman_device_cleanup();
+       __connman_network_cleanup();
+       __connman_service_cleanup();
+       __connman_notifier_cleanup();
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock(&element_lock);
        g_node_traverse(element_root, G_POST_ORDER, G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1,
                                                        free_driver, NULL);
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(&element_lock);
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock(&element_lock);
        g_node_traverse(element_root, G_POST_ORDER, G_TRAVERSE_ALL, -1,
                                                        free_node, NULL);
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(&element_lock);
 
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_lock(&element_lock);
        g_node_destroy(element_root);
        element_root = NULL;
-       g_static_rw_lock_writer_unlock(&element_lock);
 
        g_free(device_filter);