@item
Full system emulation. In this mode, QEMU emulates a full system (for
-example a PC), including a processor and various peripherials. It can
+example a PC), including a processor and various peripherals. It can
be used to launch different Operating Systems without rebooting the
PC or to debug system code.
@end itemize
QEMU can run without an host kernel driver and yet gives acceptable
-performance. On an x86 host, if you want the highest performance for
-the x86 target, the @emph{QEMU Accelerator Module} (KQEMU) allows QEMU
-to reach near native performances. KQEMU is currently only supported
-for an x86 Linux 2.4 or 2.6 host system, but more host OSes will be
-supported in the future.
+performance.
For system emulation, the following hardware targets are supported:
@itemize
-@item PC (x86 processor)
+@item PC (x86 or x86_64 processor)
@item PREP (PowerPC processor)
-@item PowerMac (PowerPC processor, in progress)
+@item G3 BW PowerMac (PowerPC processor)
+@item Mac99 PowerMac (PowerPC processor, in progress)
+@item Sun4m (32-bit Sparc processor)
+@item Sun4u (64-bit Sparc processor, in progress)
+@item Malta board (32-bit MIPS processor, in progress)
@end itemize
-For user emulation, x86, PowerPC, ARM, and SPARC CPUs are supported.
+For user emulation, x86, PowerPC, ARM, and Sparc32/64 CPUs are supported.
@chapter Installation
@c man begin DESCRIPTION
The QEMU System emulator simulates the
-following PC peripherials:
+following PC peripherals:
@itemize @minus
@item
@item
Serial ports
@item
-Soundblaster 16 card
+Creative SoundBlaster 16 sound card
+@item
+ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370 sound card
+@item
+Adlib(OPL2) - Yamaha YM3812 compatible chip
+@item
+PCI UHCI USB controller and a virtual USB hub.
@end itemize
+Note that adlib is only available when QEMU was configured with
+-enable-adlib
+
QEMU uses the PC BIOS from the Bochs project and the Plex86/Bochs LGPL
VGA BIOS.
+QEMU uses YM3812 emulation by Tatsuyuki Satoh.
+
@c man end
@section Quick Start
Linux should boot and give you a prompt.
+@node sec_invocation
@section Invocation
@example
General options:
@table @option
+@item -M machine
+Select the emulated machine (@code{-M ?} for list)
+
@item -fda file
@item -fdb file
Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@xref{disk_images}). You can
@item -enable-audio
-The SB16 emulation is disabled by default as it may give problems with
-Windows. You can enable it manually with this option.
+Will enable audio and all the sound hardware QEMU was built with.
+
+@item -audio-help
+
+Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable
+parameters.
+
+@item -soundhw card1,card2,...
+
+Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use ? to print all
+available sound hardware.
+
+@example
+qemu -soundhw sb16,adlib hda
+qemu -soundhw es1370 hda
+qemu -soundhw ?
+@end example
@item -localtime
Set the real time clock to local time (the default is to UTC
Store the QEMU process PID in @var{file}. It is useful if you launch QEMU
from a script.
+@item -win2k-hack
+Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After
+Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option
+slows down the IDE transfers).
+
+@end table
+
+USB options:
+@table @option
+
+@item -usb
+Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
+
+@item -usbdevice devname
+Add the USB device @var{devname}. See the monitor command
+@code{usb_add} to have more information.
@end table
Network options:
@table @option
-@item -n script
-Set TUN/TAP network init script [default=/etc/qemu-ifup]. This script
-is launched to configure the host network interface (usually tun0)
-corresponding to the virtual NE2000 card.
+@item -net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=addr]
+Create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n}
+= 0 is the default). The NIC is currently an NE2000 on the PC
+target. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed. If no
+@option{-net} option is specified, a single NIC is created.
-@item -macaddr addr
+@item -net user[,vlan=n]
+Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator
+priviledge to run. This is the default if no @option{-net} option is
+specified.
-Set the mac address of the first interface (the format is
-aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff in hexa). The mac address is incremented for each
-new network interface.
+@item -net tap[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file]
+Connect the host TAP network interface @var{name} to VLAN @var{n} and
+use the network script @var{file} to configure it. The default
+network script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifup}. If @var{name} is not
+provided, the OS automatically provides one. @option{fd=h} can be
+used to specify the handle of an already opened host TAP interface. Example:
-@item -tun-fd fd
-Assumes @var{fd} talks to a tap/tun host network interface and use
-it. Read @url{http://bellard.org/qemu/tetrinet.html} to have an
-example of its use.
+@example
+qemu linux.img -net nic -net tap
+@end example
-@item -user-net
-Use the user mode network stack. This is the default if no tun/tap
-network init script is found.
+More complicated example (two NICs, each one connected to a TAP device)
+@example
+qemu linux.img -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \
+ -net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1
+@end example
+
+
+@item -net socket[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
+
+Connect the VLAN @var{n} to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual
+machine using a TCP socket connection. If @option{listen} is
+specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on @var{port}
+(@var{host} is optional). @option{connect} is used to connect to
+another QEMU instance using the @option{listen} option. @option{fd=h}
+specifies an already opened socket.
+
+Example:
+@example
+# launch a first QEMU instance
+qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 -net socket,listen=:1234
+# connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0 of the first instance
+qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 -net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234
+@end example
+
+@item -net none
+Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to
+override the default configuration which is activated if no
+@option{-net} options are provided.
@item -tftp prefix
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP
Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS in
@file{/usr/sbin/smbd}. QEMU was tested succesfully with smbd version
-2.2.7a from the Red Hat 9.
+2.2.7a from the Red Hat 9 and version 3.0.10-1.fc3 from Fedora Core 3.
@item -redir [tcp|udp]:host-port:[guest-host]:guest-port
Then when you use on the host @code{telnet localhost 5555}, you
connect to the guest telnet server.
-@item -dummy-net
-Use the dummy network stack: no packet will be received by the network
-cards.
-
@end table
-Linux boot specific. When using this options, you can use a given
+Linux boot specific: When using these options, you can use a given
Linux kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful
for easier testing of various kernels.
[Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated)
@item null
void device
+@item /dev/XXX
+[Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. @file{/dev/ttyS0}. The host serial port
+parameters are set according to the emulated ones.
+@item /dev/parportN
+[Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port
+@var{N}. Currently only SPP parallel port features can be used.
+@item file:filename
+Write output to filename. No character can be read.
@item stdio
[Unix only] standard input/output
+@item pipe:filename
+[Unix only] name pipe @var{filename}
@end table
The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in
non graphical mode.
This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serials
ports.
+@item -parallel dev
+Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device @var{dev} (same
+devices as the serial port). On Linux hosts, @file{/dev/parportN} can
+be used to use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host
+parallel port.
+
+This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel
+ports.
+
@item -monitor dev
Redirect the monitor to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the
serial port).
all thoses parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk
images.
-@item -no-kqemu
-Disable the usage of the QEMU Accelerator module (KQEMU). QEMU will work as
-usual but will be slower. This option can be useful to determine if
-emulation problems are coming from KQEMU.
-
-@item -isa
-Simulate an ISA-only system (default is PCI system).
@item -std-vga
Simulate a standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions (default is
Cirrus Logic GD5446 PCI VGA)
@end ignore
-@section QEMU Accelerator Module
-
-The QEMU Accelerator Module (KQEMU) is an optional part of QEMU currently only
-available for Linux 2.4 or 2.6 x86 hosts. It enables QEMU to run x86
-code much faster. Provided it is installed on your PC (see
-@ref{kqemu_install}), QEMU will automatically use it.
-
-WARNING: as with any alpha stage kernel driver, KQEMU may cause
-arbitrary data loss on your PC, so you'd better backup your sensitive
-data before using it.
-
-When using KQEMU, QEMU will create a big hidden file containing the
-RAM of the virtual machine. For best performance, it is important that
-this file is kept in RAM and not on the hard disk. QEMU uses the
-@file{/dev/shm} directory to create this file because @code{tmpfs} is
-usually mounted on it (check with the shell command
-@code{df}). Otherwise @file{/tmp} is used as fallback. You can use the
-@var{QEMU_TMPDIR} shell variable to set a new directory for the QEMU
-RAM file.
-
@section QEMU Monitor
The QEMU monitor is used to give complex commands to the QEMU
@table @option
@item info network
-show the network state
+show the various VLANs and the associated devices
@item info block
show the block devices
@item info registers
show the cpu registers
@item info history
show the command line history
+@item info pci
+show emulated PCI device
+@item info usb
+show USB devices plugged on the virtual USB hub
+@item info usbhost
+show all USB host devices
@end table
@item q or quit
Reset the system.
+@item usb_add devname
+
+Plug the USB device devname to the QEMU virtual USB hub. @var{devname}
+is either a virtual device name (for example @code{mouse}) or a host
+USB device identifier. Host USB device identifiers have the following
+syntax: @code{host:bus.addr} or @code{host:vendor_id:product_id}.
+
+@item usb_del devname
+
+Remove the USB device @var{devname} from the QEMU virtual USB
+hub. @var{devname} has the syntax @code{bus.addr}. Use the monitor
+command @code{info usb} to see the devices you can remove.
+
@end table
@subsection Integer expressions
@section Network emulation
-QEMU simulates up to 6 networks cards (NE2000 boards). Each card can
-be connected to a specific host network interface.
+QEMU can simulate several networks cards (NE2000 boards on the PC
+target) and can connect them to an arbitrary number of Virtual Local
+Area Networks (VLANs). Host TAP devices can be connected to any QEMU
+VLAN. VLAN can be connected between separate instances of QEMU to
+simulate large networks. For simpler usage, a non priviledged user mode
+network stack can replace the TAP device to have a basic network
+connection.
+
+@subsection VLANs
-@subsection Using tun/tap network interface
+QEMU simulates several VLANs. A VLAN can be symbolised as a virtual
+connection between several network devices. These devices can be for
+example QEMU virtual Ethernet cards or virtual Host ethernet devices
+(TAP devices).
-This is the standard way to emulate network. QEMU adds a virtual
-network device on your host (called @code{tun0}), and you can then
-configure it as if it was a real ethernet card.
+@subsection Using TAP network interfaces
+
+This is the standard way to connect QEMU to a real network. QEMU adds
+a virtual network device on your host (called @code{tapN}), and you
+can then configure it as if it was a real ethernet card.
As an example, you can download the @file{linux-test-xxx.tar.gz}
archive and copy the script @file{qemu-ifup} in @file{/etc} and
configure properly @code{sudo} so that the command @code{ifconfig}
contained in @file{qemu-ifup} can be executed as root. You must verify
-that your host kernel supports the TUN/TAP network interfaces: the
+that your host kernel supports the TAP network interfaces: the
device @file{/dev/net/tun} must be present.
See @ref{direct_linux_boot} to have an example of network use with a
-Linux distribution.
+Linux distribution and @ref{sec_invocation} to have examples of
+command lines using the TAP network interfaces.
@subsection Using the user mode network stack
-By using the option @option{-user-net} or if you have no tun/tap init
-script, QEMU uses a completely user mode network stack (you don't need
-root priviledge to use the virtual network). The virtual network
-configuration is the following:
+By using the option @option{-net user} (default configuration if no
+@option{-net} option is specified), QEMU uses a completely user mode
+network stack (you don't need root priviledge to use the virtual
+network). The virtual network configuration is the following:
@example
-QEMU Virtual Machine <------> Firewall/DHCP server <-----> Internet
- (10.0.2.x) | (10.0.2.2)
+ QEMU VLAN <------> Firewall/DHCP server <-----> Internet
+ | (10.0.2.2)
|
----> DNS server (10.0.2.3)
|
The QEMU VM behaves as if it was behind a firewall which blocks all
incoming connections. You can use a DHCP client to automatically
-configure the network in the QEMU VM.
+configure the network in the QEMU VM. The DHCP server assign addresses
+to the hosts starting from 10.0.2.15.
In order to check that the user mode network is working, you can ping
the address 10.0.2.2 and verify that you got an address in the range
redirected from the host to the guest. It allows for example to
redirect X11, telnet or SSH connections.
+@subsection Connecting VLANs between QEMU instances
+
+Using the @option{-net socket} option, it is possible to make VLANs
+that span several QEMU instances. See @ref{sec_invocation} to have a
+basic example.
+
@node direct_linux_boot
@section Direct Linux Boot
@end enumerate
+@section USB emulation
+
+QEMU emulates a PCI UHCI USB controller and a 8 port USB hub connected
+to it. You can virtually plug to the hub virtual USB devices or real
+host USB devices (experimental, works only on Linux hosts).
+
+@subsection Using virtual USB devices
+
+A virtual USB mouse device is available for testing in QEMU.
+
+You can try it with the following monitor commands:
+
+@example
+# add the mouse device
+(qemu) usb_add mouse
+
+# show the virtual USB devices plugged on the QEMU Virtual USB hub
+(qemu) info usb
+ Device 0.3, speed 12 Mb/s
+
+# after some time you can try to remove the mouse
+(qemu) usb_del 0.3
+@end example
+
+The option @option{-usbdevice} is similar to the monitor command
+@code{usb_add}.
+
+@subsection Using host USB devices on a Linux host
+
+WARNING: this is an experimental feature. QEMU will slow down when
+using it. USB devices requiring real time streaming (i.e. USB Video
+Cameras) are not supported yet.
+
+@enumerate
+@item If you use an early Linux 2.4 kernel, verify that no Linux driver
+is actually using the USB device. A simple way to do that is simply to
+disable the corresponding kernel module by renaming it from @file{mydriver.o}
+to @file{mydriver.o.disabled}.
+
+@item Verify that @file{/proc/bus/usb} is working (most Linux distributions should enable it by default). You should see something like that:
+@example
+ls /proc/bus/usb
+001 devices drivers
+@end example
+
+@item Since only root can access to the USB devices directly, you can either launch QEMU as root or change the permissions of the USB devices you want to use. For testing, the following suffices:
+@example
+chown -R myuid /proc/bus/usb
+@end example
+
+@item Launch QEMU and do in the monitor:
+@example
+info usbhost
+ Device 1.2, speed 480 Mb/s
+ Class 00: USB device 1234:5678, USB DISK
+@end example
+You should see the list of the devices you can use (Never try to use
+hubs, it won't work).
+
+@item Add the device in QEMU by using:
+@example
+usb_add host:1234:5678
+@end example
+
+Normally the guest OS should report that a new USB device is
+plugged. You can use the option @option{-usbdevice} to do the same.
+
+@item Now you can try to use the host USB device in QEMU.
+
+@end enumerate
+
+When relaunching QEMU, you may have to unplug and plug again the USB
+device to make it work again (this is a bug).
+
@node gdb_usage
@section GDB usage
@url{http://www.user.cityline.ru/~maxamn/amnhltm.zip} to solve this
problem. Note that no such tool is needed for NT, 2000 or XP.
-@subsubsection Windows 2000 disk full problems
+@subsubsection Windows 2000 disk full problem
-Currently (release 0.6.0) QEMU has a bug which gives a @code{disk
-full} error during installation of some releases of Windows 2000. The
-workaround is to stop QEMU as soon as you notice that your disk image
-size is growing too fast (monitor it with @code{ls -ls}). Then
-relaunch QEMU to continue the installation. If you still experience
-the problem, relaunch QEMU again.
+Windows 2000 has a bug which gives a disk full problem during its
+installation. When installing it, use the @option{-win2k-hack} QEMU
+option to enable a specific workaround. After Windows 2000 is
+installed, you no longer need this option (this option slows down the
+IDE transfers).
-Future QEMU releases are likely to correct this bug.
+@subsubsection Windows 2000 shutdown
+
+Windows 2000 cannot automatically shutdown in QEMU although Windows 98
+can. It comes from the fact that Windows 2000 does not automatically
+use the APM driver provided by the BIOS.
+
+In order to correct that, do the following (thanks to Struan
+Bartlett): go to the Control Panel => Add/Remove Hardware & Next =>
+Add/Troubleshoot a device => Add a new device & Next => No, select the
+hardware from a list & Next => NT Apm/Legacy Support & Next => Next
+(again) a few times. Now the driver is installed and Windows 2000 now
+correctly instructs QEMU to shutdown at the appropriate moment.
+
+@subsubsection Share a directory between Unix and Windows
+
+See @ref{sec_invocation} about the help of the option @option{-smb}.
@subsubsection Windows XP security problems
Use the executable @file{qemu-system-ppc} to simulate a complete PREP
or PowerMac PowerPC system.
-QEMU emulates the following PowerMac peripherials:
+QEMU emulates the following PowerMac peripherals:
@itemize @minus
@item
VIA-CUDA with ADB keyboard and mouse.
@end itemize
-QEMU emulates the following PREP peripherials:
+QEMU emulates the following PREP peripherals:
@itemize @minus
@item
@table @option
-@item -prep
-Simulate a PREP system (default is PowerMAC)
-
@item -g WxH[xDEPTH]
Set the initial VGA graphic mode. The default is 800x600x15.
More information is available at
@url{http://jocelyn.mayer.free.fr/qemu-ppc/}.
-@chapter Sparc System emulator invocation
+@chapter Sparc32 System emulator invocation
Use the executable @file{qemu-system-sparc} to simulate a JavaStation
-(sun4m architecture). The emulation is far from complete.
+(sun4m architecture). The emulation is somewhat complete.
-QEMU emulates the following sun4m peripherials:
+QEMU emulates the following sun4m peripherals:
@itemize @minus
-@item
+@item
IOMMU
@item
TCX Frame buffer
@item
Non Volatile RAM M48T08
@item
-Slave I/O: timers, interrupt controllers, Zilog serial ports
+Slave I/O: timers, interrupt controllers, Zilog serial ports, keyboard
+and power/reset logic
+@item
+ESP SCSI controller with hard disk and CD-ROM support
+@item
+Floppy drive
@end itemize
+The number of peripherals is fixed in the architecture.
+
QEMU uses the Proll, a PROM replacement available at
-@url{http://people.redhat.com/zaitcev/linux/}.
+@url{http://people.redhat.com/zaitcev/linux/}. The required
+QEMU-specific patches are included with the sources.
+
+A sample Linux 2.6 series kernel and ram disk image are available on
+the QEMU web site. Please note that currently neither Linux 2.4
+series, NetBSD, nor OpenBSD kernels work.
+
+@c man begin OPTIONS
+
+The following options are specific to the Sparc emulation:
+
+@table @option
+
+@item -g WxH
+
+Set the initial TCX graphic mode. The default is 1024x768.
+
+@end table
+
+@c man end
+
+@chapter Sparc64 System emulator invocation
+
+Use the executable @file{qemu-system-sparc64} to simulate a Sun4u machine.
+The emulator is not usable for anything yet.
+
+QEMU emulates the following sun4u peripherals:
+
+@itemize @minus
+@item
+UltraSparc IIi APB PCI Bridge
+@item
+PCI VGA compatible card with VESA Bochs Extensions
+@item
+Non Volatile RAM M48T59
+@item
+PC-compatible serial ports
+@end itemize
+
+@chapter MIPS System emulator invocation
+
+Use the executable @file{qemu-system-mips} to simulate a MIPS machine.
+The emulator begins to launch a Linux kernel.
@chapter QEMU User space emulator invocation
cd qemu-x.y.z
@end example
-If you want to use the optional QEMU Accelerator Module, then download
-it and install it in qemu-x.y.z/:
-@example
-tar zxvf /tmp/kqemu-x.y.z.tar.gz
-@end example
-
Then you configure QEMU and build it (usually no options are needed):
@example
./configure
@end example
to install QEMU in @file{/usr/local}.
-@node kqemu_install
-@subsection QEMU Accelerator Installation
-
-If you use x86 Linux, the compilation of the QEMU Accelerator Kernel
-Module (KQEMU) is automatically activated provided you have the
-necessary kernel headers. If nonetheless the compilation fails, you
-can disable its compilation with the @option{--disable-kqemu} option.
-
-If you are using a 2.6 host kernel, then all the necessary kernel
-headers should be already installed. If you are using a 2.4 kernel,
-then you should verify that properly configured kernel sources are
-installed and compiled. On a Redhat 9 distribution for example, the
-following must be done:
-@example
-1) Install the kernel-source-xxx package
-2) cd /usr/src/linux-xxx
-3) make distclean
-4) Copy /boot/config-vvv in .config (use uname -r to know your configuration name 'vvv')
-5) Edit the Makefile to change the EXTRAVERSION line to match your
- current configuration name:
- EXTRAVERSION = -custom
-to
- EXTRAVERSION = -8 # This is an example, it can be -8smp too
-5) make menuconfig # Just save the configuration
-6) make dep bzImage
-@end example
-
-The installation of KQEMU is not fully automatic because it is highly
-distribution dependent. When launching
-@example
-make install
-@end example
-
-KQEMU is installed in /lib/modules/@var{kernel_version}/misc. The
-device @file{/dev/kqemu} is created with read/write access rights for
-everyone. If you fear security issues, you can restrict the access
-rights of @file{/dev/kqemu}.
-
-If you want that KQEMU is installed automatically at boot time, you can add
-
-@example
-# Load the KQEMU kernel module
-/sbin/modprobe kqemu
-@end example
-
-in @file{/etc/rc.d/rc.local}.
-
-If your distribution uses udev (like Fedora), the @file{/dev/kqemu} is
-not created automatically (yet) at every reboot. You can add the
-following in @file{/etc/rc.d/rc.local}:
-
-@example
-# Create the KQEMU device
-mknod /dev/kqemu c 250 0
-chmod 666 /dev/kqemu
-@end example
-
@subsection Tested tool versions
In order to compile QEMU succesfully, it is very important that you
projects / qemu / blobdiff