1 /**************************************************************************
2 Ghosts Overboard - a game for Maemo 5
4 Copyright (C) 2011 Heli Hyvättinen
6 This file is part of Ghosts Overboard
8 Ghosts Overboard is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 GNU General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
21 **************************************************************************/
26 #include <QGraphicsPixmapItem>
28 #include <QMessageBox>
30 #include <QApplication>
32 #include <QPushButton>
34 #include <QVBoxLayout>
38 const QString ghostImageFilename_ = ":/pix/aave.png";
39 const QString rockImageFilename_ =":/pix/kari.png";
40 const QString octopusImageFilename_= ":/pix/tursas.png";
43 SeaScene::SeaScene(QObject *parent) :
44 QGraphicsScene(parent)
47 setItemPointersNull();
50 screenLitKeeper_.keepScreenLit(true);
54 QPixmap waves (":/pix/meri.png");
56 setBackgroundBrush(QBrush(waves));
60 qsrand(QTime::currentTime().msec()+2); //+2 to avoid setting it to 1
64 //Setup the level list
66 QList<Level> levelList;
68 levelList.append(level1);
69 Level level2(5,10,2,50);
70 levelList.append(level2);
71 Level level3(5,15,2,50);
72 levelList.append(level3);
73 Level level4(5,15,4,50);
74 levelList.append(level4);
75 Level level5(5,15,5,100);
76 levelList.append(level5);
78 Levelset set ("Original",levelList);
80 availableLevelsets_.append(set);
86 //Create another set of levels and place it in the available levelsets list
88 Level set2level1(8,15,4,50);
89 levelList.append(set2level1);
90 Level set2level2(8,20,4,50);
91 levelList.append(set2level2);
92 Level set2level3(8,20,5,80);
93 levelList.append(set2level3);
94 Level set2level4(8,20,6,120);
95 levelList.append(set2level4);
96 Level set2level5(8,25,8,150);
97 levelList.append(set2level5);
99 Levelset set2("Difficult",levelList);
100 availableLevelsets_.append(set2);
104 connect(this,SIGNAL(allGhostsPicked()),this,SLOT(nextLevel()));
107 pVibrateAction_ = new QAction(tr("Vibration effects"),this);
108 pVibrateAction_->setCheckable(true);
109 connect(pVibrateAction_,SIGNAL(toggled(bool)),this,SLOT(vibrationActivate(bool)));
111 pVibrateAction_->setChecked(settings.value("vibration",false).toBool());
114 pPauseAction_ = new QAction(tr("Pause"),this);
115 pPauseAction_->setCheckable(true);
116 connect(pPauseAction_,SIGNAL(toggled(bool)),this,SLOT(pause(bool)));
119 deviceLockPollTimer_.setInterval(20*60);
120 connect(&deviceLockPollTimer_,SIGNAL(timeout()),this,SLOT(pollDeviceLocked()));
121 deviceLockPollTimer_.start();
124 autopauseTimer.setSingleShot(true);
125 autopauseTimer.setInterval(15*60*1000);
126 connect(&autopauseTimer,SIGNAL(timeout()),this,SLOT(turnPauseOn()));
131 void SeaScene::setupMap(int ghosts, int rocks, int octopuses, int octopusSpeed)
137 setItemPointersNull();
141 createAboutBoxItems();
143 createSelectLevelsetFromListItems();
145 createVictoryItems();
147 createLevelCompletedItems();
150 //empty the list of moving items
152 movingItems_.clear();
154 //empty the list of free slots
157 //fill the list of free slots
159 int numberOfXTiles = width() / 40;
160 int numberOfYTiles = height() /40;
162 // qDebug() << numberOfXTiles << " slots in x direction";
163 // qDebug() << numberOfYTiles << " slots in y rirection";
165 for (int i = 0; i < numberOfXTiles; i++ )
167 for (int j = 0; j < numberOfYTiles; j++)
169 freeTiles_.append(QPointF(i*40,j*40));
176 for (int i = 0; i < rocks; i++)
178 QPointF * pPosition = findRandomFreeSlot();
180 //If there was no room no point to continue
181 if (pPosition == NULL)
184 QPixmap rockPixmap (":/pix/kari.png");
185 QGraphicsPixmapItem * pRock = addPixmap(rockPixmap);
186 pRock->setData(0,"rock");
187 pRock->setPos(*pPosition);
194 ghostsLeft_ = ghosts;
195 spreadGhosts(ghosts);
199 //spread the octopuses
201 QList <Octopus*> octopusList;
203 for (int i=0; i < octopuses; i++)
205 QPointF * pPosition = findRandomFreeSlot();
207 //If there was no room no point to continue
208 if (pPosition == NULL)
211 QPixmap octopusPixmap (":/pix/tursas.png");
212 Octopus * pOctopus = new Octopus(octopusPixmap,octopusSpeed);
213 pOctopus->setData(0,"octopus");
214 pOctopus->setPos(*pPosition);
216 pOctopus->startMoving();
217 movingItems_.append(pOctopus);
218 connect(this,SIGNAL(pauseOn()),pOctopus,SLOT(stopMoving()));
219 connect(this,SIGNAL(pauseOff()),pOctopus,SLOT(startMoving()));
220 octopusList.append(pOctopus);
228 QPointF * pPosition = findRandomFreeSlot();
229 if (pPosition == NULL)
231 // Game cannot begin without a free position for ship, so give an error message and return
233 QMessageBox::critical(NULL,"Error! Too many objects on screen","No free space to place the ship. The game cannot start. Please choose another level.");
237 QList<QPixmap> shipImages;
238 shipImages.append(QPixmap(":/pix/laiva.png"));
239 shipImages.append(QPixmap(":/pix/laiva_1aave.png"));
240 shipImages.append(QPixmap(":/pix/laiva_2aave.png"));
241 shipImages.append(QPixmap(":/pix/laiva_3aave.png"));
242 shipImages.append(QPixmap(":/pix/laiva_4aave.png"));
243 shipImages.append(QPixmap(":/pix/laiva_5aave.png"));
244 shipImages.append(QPixmap(":/pix/laiva_6aave.png"));
245 shipImages.append(QPixmap(":/pix/laiva_7aave.png"));
246 shipImages.append(QPixmap(":/pix/laiva_8aave.png"));
247 shipImages.append(QPixmap(":/pix/laiva_9aave.png"));
248 shipImages.append(QPixmap(":/pix/laiva_10aave.png"));
250 Ship * pShip = new Ship (shipImages);
251 pShip->setData(0,"ship");
252 pShip->setPos(*pPosition);
254 connect(pShip,SIGNAL(pickingGhost(QGraphicsItem*)),this, SLOT(removeGhost(QGraphicsItem*)) );
255 connect(pShip,SIGNAL(droppingGhosts(int)),this,SLOT(ghostsDropped(int)));
256 connect(this,SIGNAL(vibrationActivated(bool)),pShip,SLOT(setVibrationActivate(bool)));
257 pShip->startMoving();
258 movingItems_.append(pShip);
259 connect(this,SIGNAL(pauseOn()),pShip,SLOT(stopMoving()));
260 connect(this,SIGNAL(pauseOff()),pShip,SLOT(startMoving()));
261 foreach (Octopus* pOctopus, octopusList)
263 connect(pOctopus,SIGNAL(droppingGhosts()),pShip,SLOT(dropAllGhosts()));
268 void SeaScene::setupMap(Level level)
270 setupMap(level.getNumberOfGhosts(),level.getNumberOfRocks(),level.getNumberOfOctopuses(),level.getOctopusSpeed());
273 void SeaScene::spreadGhosts(int ghosts)
277 //the octopuses and the ship may have moved from their original positions,
278 //so the list of free slots must be adjusted to exclude their current positions
280 QList<QPointF> temporarilyReservedSlots;
282 foreach (QGraphicsItem* pItem, movingItems_)
286 // qDebug() << "NULL item in movingItems_";
290 //round x and y down to fit the slot size
300 QPointF position (x,y);
302 //remove the tiles (potentially) occupied by the item from free slots and place in temp list if was in the list before
304 if (freeTiles_.removeOne(position))
305 temporarilyReservedSlots.append(position);
310 if (freeTiles_.removeOne(position))
311 temporarilyReservedSlots.append(position);
315 if (freeTiles_.removeOne(position))
316 temporarilyReservedSlots.append(position);
320 if (freeTiles_.removeOne(position))
321 temporarilyReservedSlots.append(position);
326 //spread ghosts in random free slots
328 for (int i=0; i < ghosts; i++)
330 QPointF * pPosition = findRandomFreeSlot();
332 //If there was no room no point to continue
333 if (pPosition == NULL)
336 QPixmap ghostPixmap(":/pix/aave.png");
337 QGraphicsPixmapItem * pGhost = addPixmap(ghostPixmap);
338 pGhost->setData(0,"ghost");
339 pGhost->setPos(*pPosition);
343 //return the slots occupied by moving items to free slots
344 freeTiles_.append(temporarilyReservedSlots);
346 //clear temp for the next round
347 temporarilyReservedSlots.clear();
350 QPointF* SeaScene::findRandomFreeSlot()
352 if (freeTiles_.isEmpty())
355 int index = qrand()%freeTiles_.size();
357 // qDebug() << index << " index";
358 return new QPointF (freeTiles_.takeAt(index));
362 void SeaScene::removeGhost(QGraphicsItem *pGhost)
364 removeItem(pGhost); //remove the item from scene
365 freeTiles_.append(pGhost->scenePos()); //add the item's position to free slots
368 if (ghostsLeft_ == 0)
370 emit allGhostsPicked();
371 // qDebug() << "All ghosts picked!";
375 void SeaScene::ghostsDropped(int ghosts)
377 ghostsLeft_ += ghosts;
379 spreadGhosts(ghosts);
382 void SeaScene::pause(bool paused)
384 // qDebug() << "pause pressed " << paused;
385 if (paused_ == paused)
392 // qDebug() << "starting to move again";
393 emit fullscreenRequested();
395 screenLitKeeper_.keepScreenLit(true);
397 pPausetextItem_->hide();
399 scoreCounter_.start();
401 autopauseTimer.start(); //Start counting towards autopause
402 deviceLockPollTimer_.start(); //Start polling whether device is locked
407 // qDebug("about to stop movement");
409 screenLitKeeper_.keepScreenLit(false);
410 if (pPausetextItem_ != NULL)
412 // qDebug() << "about to show the pause text";
413 pPausetextItem_->show();
414 // qDebug() << "showing pause text";
416 // else qDebug() << "No pause text available";
418 levelScore_ += scoreCounter_.elapsed();
420 autopauseTimer.stop(); //No need to count toward autopause when already paused
421 deviceLockPollTimer_.stop(); //No need to check for unlock as no unpause anyway
425 void SeaScene::vibrationActivate(bool on)
427 emit vibrationActivated(on);
430 void SeaScene::handleScreenTapped()
433 //If the game is going just pause it
436 pPauseAction_->setChecked(true);
440 //If the game is paused and about box is shown, close it and show the pause text and menu again
444 if(pAboutBoxItem_->isVisible())
446 pAboutBoxItem_->hide();
447 pPausetextItem_->show();
452 //If the game is paused, check if the level completed item is shown
454 if (pLevelCompletedItem_)
456 if (pLevelCompletedItem_->isVisible())
458 pLevelCompletedItem_->hide();
459 restartLevel(); //Current level has already been set to the next one before showing the level completed item
460 pPauseAction_->setChecked(false); //unpause
465 //If the game is paused, check if the victory item is being shown
466 if(pVictoryCongratulationsItem_)
468 if (pVictoryCongratulationsItem_->isVisibleTo(NULL)) //returns visibility to scene
470 pVictoryCongratulationsItem_->hide();
472 pPauseAction_->setChecked(false); // unpause
478 //If the game is paused and no victory, check if menu item was selected
480 QList<QGraphicsItem *> items = selectedItems();
482 //if nothing selected resume play
486 pSelectLevelsetFromListItem_->hide();
487 pPauseAction_->setChecked(false);
493 //If something was selected check if it was one of the menu items and act on it
494 //(Nothing else should be made selectable anyway)
498 QGraphicsItem* pItem = items.at(0); //Selecting an item brings here, thus only selecting one item should be possible
499 //... so we can just take the first one
501 //Selection is just used to get notice of a menu item being clicked, removed after use
506 //Act upon the selected item
509 if (pItem == pRestartGameItem_)
511 // qDebug() << "game restart requested";
513 pPauseAction_->setChecked(false); //unpause game
517 else if (pItem == pRestartLevelItem_)
519 // qDebug() << "Level restart requested";
521 pPauseAction_->setChecked(false); //unpause game
525 else if (pItem == pSettingsItem_)
527 pVibrateAction_->toggle();
530 settings.setValue("vibration",pVibrateAction_->isChecked());
532 QString text = pSettingsItem_->toHtml();
533 if (pVibrateAction_->isChecked())
534 text.replace(" on"," off"); //don't remove spaces or you get vibratioff...
536 text.replace(" off"," on");
537 pSettingsItem_->setHtml(text);
540 else if (pItem == pAboutItem_)
545 else if(pItem == pMinimizeItem_)
547 emit minimizeRequested();
550 else if (pItem == pQuitItem_)
554 else if (pItem == pChooseLevelsetItem_)
556 pPausetextItem_->hide();
557 pSelectLevelsetFromListItem_->show();
562 foreach (QGraphicsItem* pLevelItem, levelsetItems_)
564 if (pItem == pLevelItem)
566 QVariant variant = pLevelItem->data(0);
568 if (variant.canConvert<Levelset>())
570 levelset_ = variant.value<Levelset>();
572 pPauseAction_->setChecked(false); //unpause game
582 void SeaScene::createMenuItems()
586 font.setPixelSize(35);
590 pPausetextItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem;
591 pPausetextItem_->setHtml("<font size = \"5\" color = darkorange> Game paused. Tap to continue.");
592 pPausetextItem_->setZValue(1000);
593 pPausetextItem_->setPos(165,50);
594 addItem(pPausetextItem_);
595 pPausetextItem_->hide();
599 QString menufonthtml = "<font size = \"4\" color = darkorange>";
601 pRestartGameItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem;
602 pRestartGameItem_->setHtml(tr("Restart <br> game").prepend(menufonthtml));
603 prepareForMenu(pRestartGameItem_);
605 pRestartLevelItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem;
606 pRestartLevelItem_->setHtml(tr("Restart <br> level").prepend(menufonthtml));
607 prepareForMenu(pRestartLevelItem_);
609 pChooseLevelsetItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem;
610 pChooseLevelsetItem_->setHtml(tr("Choose <br> levelset").prepend(menufonthtml));
611 prepareForMenu(pChooseLevelsetItem_);
613 pSettingsItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem;
614 QString vibraText(tr("Turn vibration <br> effects "));
616 if (pVibrateAction_->isChecked())
624 vibraText.append(statusText);
625 pSettingsItem_->setHtml(vibraText.prepend(menufonthtml));
626 prepareForMenu(pSettingsItem_);
628 pAboutItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem;
629 pAboutItem_->setHtml(tr("About <br> game").prepend(menufonthtml));
630 prepareForMenu(pAboutItem_);
632 pMinimizeItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem;
633 pMinimizeItem_->setHtml(tr("Show <br> status bar").prepend(menufonthtml));
634 prepareForMenu(pMinimizeItem_);
636 pQuitItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem;
637 pQuitItem_->setHtml(tr("Quit <br> game").prepend(menufonthtml));
638 prepareForMenu(pQuitItem_);
642 void SeaScene::prepareForMenu(QGraphicsItem * pItem)
645 //Menu items have pause text item as their parent and are thus added to scene automatically
646 //They are also shown and hidden with it, resulting in the menu being visble when the game is paused
647 //Their coordinates are given relative to the parent.
652 pItem->setParentItem(pPausetextItem_);
653 pItem->setZValue(1000);
654 pItem->setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsSelectable);
656 int row = menuItemCount_/(itemsPerRow);
657 pItem->setY(150+row*120);
658 pItem->setX(((menuItemCount_%(itemsPerRow))*180-125));
665 void SeaScene::about()
667 pPausetextItem_->hide();
668 pAboutBoxItem_->show();
672 void SeaScene::restartLevel()
677 setupMap(levelset_.getLevel(currentLevel_)); //getLevel() returns default constructor Level if index is invalid, so no risk of crash
679 scoreCounter_.start();
681 vibrationActivate(pVibrateAction_->isChecked()); //Vibration effects are lost without this
682 // qDebug() << pVibrateAction_->isChecked();
683 autopauseTimer.start(); //reset counting towards autopause
690 void SeaScene::nextLevel()
693 //get score for previous level
694 levelScore_ += scoreCounter_.elapsed();
695 totalScore_ += levelScore_;
696 int highscore = levelset_.getLevelHighScore(currentLevel_);
698 qDebug() << highscore;
702 if (levelScore_ >= highscore)
704 scoretext = tr("<font size=\"5\" color = darkorange>Your time: %1.%2 s<br>Best time: %3.%4 s").arg(levelScore_/1000).arg((levelScore_%1000)/100).arg(highscore/1000).arg((highscore%1000)/100);
707 else //New high score!
710 scoretext = tr("<font size=\"5\" color = darkorange>Your time %1.%2 s is<br>the new best time!").arg(levelScore_/1000).arg((levelScore_%1000)/100);
711 levelset_.setLevelHighScore(currentLevel_,levelScore_);
714 //pause to show the highscore or victory screen
717 pPausetextItem_->hide();
720 //Go to the next level if available
723 if ( currentLevel_ < levelset_.numberOfLevels() )
726 pLevelCompletedItem_->setHtml(scoretext);
727 pLevelCompletedItem_->show();
733 int totalHighsore = levelset_.getTotalHighScore();
734 if (totalScore_ >= totalHighsore)
736 scoretext.append(tr("<br>Your total time: %1.%2 s<br>Best total time:%3.%4 s").arg(totalScore_/1000).arg((totalScore_%1000)/100).arg(totalHighsore/1000).arg((totalHighsore%1000)/100));
738 else //new total high score
740 scoretext.append(tr("<br>Your total time %1.%2 s is<br>the new best time").arg(totalScore_/1000).arg((totalScore_%1000)/100));
741 levelset_.setTotalHighScore(totalScore_);
744 pVictoryScoreItem_->setHtml(scoretext);
745 pVictoryCongratulationsItem_->show();
750 void SeaScene::restartGame()
758 void SeaScene::forcePause()
760 //Pause without setting the pause action state
764 void SeaScene::softContinue()
766 //Continue if not being paused by the user
767 // Reverts forcePause()
769 pause(pPauseAction_->isChecked());
773 void SeaScene::createVictoryItems()
775 pVictoryCongratulationsItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem;
776 pVictoryCongratulationsItem_->setHtml("<font size=\"6\" color = darkorange> Victory!");
777 pVictoryCongratulationsItem_->hide();
778 pVictoryCongratulationsItem_->setPos(315,30);
779 pVictoryCongratulationsItem_->setZValue(1000);
780 addItem(pVictoryCongratulationsItem_);
783 //coordinates are relative to the parent
785 QGraphicsTextItem * pTextItem = new QGraphicsTextItem(pVictoryCongratulationsItem_);
786 pTextItem->setHtml("<font size=\"5\" color = darkorange> Congratulations!");
787 pTextItem->setPos(-50,80);
788 pTextItem->setZValue(1000);
790 QGraphicsTextItem * pMiddleTextItem = new QGraphicsTextItem(pVictoryCongratulationsItem_);
791 pMiddleTextItem->setHtml("<font size=\"5\" color = darkorange> You have saved all the ghosts.");
792 pMiddleTextItem->setPos(-145,120);
793 pMiddleTextItem->setZValue(1000);
796 pVictoryScoreItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem(pVictoryCongratulationsItem_);
797 pVictoryScoreItem_->setPos(-50,180);
798 pMiddleTextItem->setZValue(1000);
799 //Text is set at usetime!
801 QGraphicsTextItem * pLowestTextItem = new QGraphicsTextItem(pVictoryCongratulationsItem_);
802 pLowestTextItem->setHtml("<font size=\"5\" color = darkorange> Tap to play again");
803 pLowestTextItem->setPos(-50,360);
804 pLowestTextItem->setZValue(1000);
807 void SeaScene::createAboutBoxItems()
809 pAboutBoxItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem;
810 addItem(pAboutBoxItem_);
811 pAboutBoxItem_->setPos(25,50);
812 pAboutBoxItem_->setZValue(1000);
813 pAboutBoxItem_->hide();
815 pAboutBoxItem_->setHtml(tr("<font color = darkorange size = \"7\">"
816 "%1 <br> <font size = \"5\"> Version %2"
817 "<p><font size = \"4\"> Copyright 2011 Heli Hyvättinen"
818 "<p><font size = \"4\"> License: General Public License v2"
819 "<p><font size = \"3\"> Web: http://ghostsoverboard.garage.maemo.org/<br>"
820 "Bug Reports: <br> https://bugs.maemo.org/"
821 "enter_bug.cgi?product=Ghosts%20Overboard"
822 ).arg(QApplication::applicationName(),QApplication::applicationVersion()));
826 void SeaScene::setItemPointersNull()
828 pPausetextItem_ = NULL;
829 pRestartLevelItem_ = NULL;
830 pRestartGameItem_ = NULL;
831 pSettingsItem_ = NULL;
834 pMinimizeItem_ = NULL;
835 pChooseLevelsetItem_ = NULL;
837 pAboutBoxItem_ = NULL;
838 pVictoryCongratulationsItem_ = NULL;
839 pLevelCompletedItem_ = NULL;
840 pVictoryCongratulationsItem_ = NULL;
841 pVictoryScoreItem_ = NULL;
846 void SeaScene::turnPauseOn()
848 pPauseAction_->setChecked(true);
851 void SeaScene::handleDeviceLocked(bool isLocked)
853 //pauses if locked but does not unpause if unlocked
856 pPauseAction_->setChecked(true);
860 void SeaScene::pollDeviceLocked()
863 bool locked = deviceInfo_.isDeviceLocked();
869 pPauseAction_->setChecked(true);
870 alreadyLocked_ = true;
875 alreadyLocked_ = false;
880 void SeaScene::createLevelCompletedItems()
882 pLevelCompletedItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem;
883 addItem(pLevelCompletedItem_);
884 pLevelCompletedItem_->setPos(240,100);
885 pLevelCompletedItem_->setZValue(1000);
886 pLevelCompletedItem_->hide();
887 //The text is set at usetime
889 QGraphicsTextItem * pTapForNextLevelItem = new QGraphicsTextItem(pLevelCompletedItem_);
890 pTapForNextLevelItem->setPos(-60,100);
891 pTapForNextLevelItem->setZValue(1000);
892 pTapForNextLevelItem->setHtml("<font size=\"5\" color = darkorange>Tap to start the next level");
895 void SeaScene::createSelectLevelsetFromListItems()
897 if (availableLevelsets_.isEmpty()) //Something is badly wrong in code if this is true...
901 pSelectLevelsetFromListItem_ = new QGraphicsTextItem;
902 addItem(pSelectLevelsetFromListItem_);
903 pSelectLevelsetFromListItem_->setPos(260,60);
904 pSelectLevelsetFromListItem_->setZValue(1000);
905 pSelectLevelsetFromListItem_->hide();
907 QString fontstring ("<font color = darkorange size = \"5\">");
909 pSelectLevelsetFromListItem_->setHtml(tr("Choose a levelset").prepend(fontstring));
913 levelsetItems_.clear();
916 foreach (Levelset set, availableLevelsets_)
918 QGraphicsTextItem * pItem = new QGraphicsTextItem(pSelectLevelsetFromListItem_);
919 QString text (fontstring);
920 if (levelset_.getName() == set.getName())
922 text.append(set.getName());
923 pItem->setHtml(text);
924 pItem->setPos(65,yPos);
926 pItem->setZValue(1000);
927 pItem->setFlag(QGraphicsItem::ItemIsSelectable);
928 pItem->setData(0,QVariant::fromValue(set));
929 levelsetItems_.append(pItem);