1 HXCOMM Use DEFHEADING() to define headings in both help text and texi
2 HXCOMM Text between STEXI and ETEXI are copied to texi version and
3 HXCOMM discarded from C version
4 HXCOMM DEF(option, HAS_ARG/0, opt_enum, opt_help) is used to construct
5 HXCOMM option structures, enums and help message.
6 HXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both texi and C
8 DEFHEADING(Standard options:)
13 DEF("help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h,
14 "-h or -help display this help and exit\n")
20 DEF("version", 0, QEMU_OPTION_version,
21 "-version display version information and exit\n")
24 Display version information and exit
27 DEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M,
28 "-M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list)\n")
30 @item -M @var{machine}
31 Select the emulated @var{machine} (@code{-M ?} for list)
34 DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu,
35 "-cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list)\n")
37 @item -cpu @var{model}
38 Select CPU model (-cpu ? for list and additional feature selection)
41 DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp,
42 "-smp n set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n")
45 Simulate an SMP system with @var{n} CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255
46 CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of usable CPUs
50 DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda,
51 "-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n")
52 DEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "")
56 Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@pxref{disk_images}). You can
57 use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
60 DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda,
61 "-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n")
62 DEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "")
63 DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc,
64 "-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n")
65 DEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "")
71 Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@pxref{disk_images}).
74 DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom,
75 "-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n")
77 @item -cdrom @var{file}
78 Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and
79 @option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by
80 using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
83 DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive,
84 "-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n"
85 " [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]\n"
86 " [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none][,format=f][,serial=s]\n"
87 " use 'file' as a drive image\n")
89 @item -drive @var{option}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]
91 Define a new drive. Valid options are:
95 This option defines which disk image (@pxref{disk_images}) to use with
96 this drive. If the filename contains comma, you must double it
97 (for instance, "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file").
98 @item if=@var{interface}
99 This option defines on which type on interface the drive is connected.
100 Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio.
101 @item bus=@var{bus},unit=@var{unit}
102 These options define where is connected the drive by defining the bus number and
104 @item index=@var{index}
105 This option defines where is connected the drive by using an index in the list
106 of available connectors of a given interface type.
107 @item media=@var{media}
108 This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom.
109 @item cyls=@var{c},heads=@var{h},secs=@var{s}[,trans=@var{t}]
110 These options have the same definition as they have in @option{-hdachs}.
111 @item snapshot=@var{snapshot}
112 @var{snapshot} is "on" or "off" and allows to enable snapshot for given drive (see @option{-snapshot}).
113 @item cache=@var{cache}
114 @var{cache} is "none", "writeback", or "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access block data.
115 @item format=@var{format}
116 Specify which disk @var{format} will be used rather than detecting
117 the format. Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting
118 an untrusted format header.
119 @item serial=@var{serial}
120 This option specifies the serial number to assign to the device.
123 By default, writethrough caching is used for all block device. This means that
124 the host page cache will be used to read and write data but write notification
125 will be sent to the guest only when the data has been reported as written by
126 the storage subsystem.
128 Writeback caching will report data writes as completed as soon as the data is
129 present in the host page cache. This is safe as long as you trust your host.
130 If your host crashes or loses power, then the guest may experience data
131 corruption. When using the @option{-snapshot} option, writeback caching is
134 The host page can be avoided entirely with @option{cache=none}. This will
135 attempt to do disk IO directly to the guests memory. QEMU may still perform
136 an internal copy of the data.
138 Some block drivers perform badly with @option{cache=writethrough}, most notably,
139 qcow2. If performance is more important than correctness,
140 @option{cache=writeback} should be used with qcow2. By default, if no explicit
141 caching is specified for a qcow2 disk image, @option{cache=writeback} will be
142 used. For all other disk types, @option{cache=writethrough} is the default.
144 Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use:
146 qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom
149 Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can
152 qemu -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk
153 qemu -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk
154 qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk
155 qemu -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk
158 You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0:
160 qemu -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
163 If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive:
165 qemu -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
168 You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0:
170 qemu -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6
173 Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use:
175 qemu -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy
176 qemu -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy
179 By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically
182 qemu -drive file=a -drive file=b"
190 DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock,
191 "-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n")
195 Use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image.
198 DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd,
199 "-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n")
202 Use 'file' as SecureDigital card image.
205 DEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash,
206 "-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n")
209 Use 'file' as a parallel flash image.
212 DEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot,
213 "-boot [a|c|d|n] boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), or network (n)\n")
215 @item -boot [a|c|d|n]
216 Boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), or Etherboot (n). Hard disk boot
220 DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot,
221 "-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n")
224 Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case,
225 the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force
226 the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@pxref{disk_images}).
229 DEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m,
230 "-m megs set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default=%d]\n")
233 Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. Default is 128 MiB. Optionally,
234 a suffix of ``M'' or ``G'' can be used to signify a value in megabytes or
235 gigabytes respectively.
238 DEF("k", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_k,
239 "-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)\n")
241 @item -k @var{language}
243 Use keyboard layout @var{language} (for example @code{fr} for
244 French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC
245 keycodes (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC
246 display). You don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows
249 The available layouts are:
251 ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv
252 da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th
253 de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr
256 The default is @code{en-us}.
261 DEF("audio-help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_audio_help,
262 "-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options\n")
267 Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable
272 DEF("soundhw", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_soundhw,
273 "-soundhw c1,... enable audio support\n"
274 " and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)\n"
275 " use -soundhw ? to get the list of supported cards\n"
276 " use -soundhw all to enable all of them\n")
279 @item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all
281 Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use ? to print all
282 available sound hardware.
285 qemu -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img
286 qemu -soundhw es1370 disk.img
287 qemu -soundhw ac97 disk.img
288 qemu -soundhw all disk.img
292 Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might
293 require manually specifying clocking.
296 modprobe i810_audio clocking=48000
304 DEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb,
305 "-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)\n")
311 Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
314 DEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice,
315 "-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n")
318 @item -usbdevice @var{devname}
319 Add the USB device @var{devname}. @xref{usb_devices}.
324 Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
327 Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a touchscreen). This
328 means qemu is able to report the mouse position without having to grab the
329 mouse. Also overrides the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
331 @item disk:[format=@var{format}]:file
332 Mass storage device based on file. The optional @var{format} argument
333 will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to specifiy
334 format=raw to avoid interpreting an untrusted format header.
337 Pass through the host device identified by bus.addr (Linux only).
339 @item host:vendor_id:product_id
340 Pass through the host device identified by vendor_id:product_id (Linux only).
342 @item serial:[vendorid=@var{vendor_id}][,productid=@var{product_id}]:@var{dev}
343 Serial converter to host character device @var{dev}, see @code{-serial} for the
347 Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real
351 Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols.
356 DEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name,
357 "-name string set the name of the guest\n")
359 @item -name @var{name}
360 Sets the @var{name} of the guest.
361 This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.
362 The @var{name} will also be used for the VNC server.
365 DEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid,
366 "-uuid %%08x-%%04x-%%04x-%%04x-%%012x\n"
367 " specify machine UUID\n")
369 @item -uuid @var{uuid}
379 DEFHEADING(Display options:)
385 DEF("nographic", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nographic,
386 "-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console\n")
390 Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
391 you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple
392 command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on
393 the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel
394 with a serial console.
398 DEF("curses", 0, QEMU_OPTION_curses,
399 "-curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL\n")
404 Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
405 QEMU can display the VGA output when in text mode using a
406 curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed in graphical mode.
410 DEF("no-frame", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_frame,
411 "-no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations\n")
416 Do not use decorations for SDL windows and start them using the whole
417 available screen space. This makes the using QEMU in a dedicated desktop
418 workspace more convenient.
422 DEF("alt-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab,
423 "-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n")
428 Use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt).
432 DEF("no-quit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_quit,
433 "-no-quit disable SDL window close capability\n")
438 Disable SDL window close capability.
442 DEF("sdl", 0, QEMU_OPTION_sdl,
451 DEF("portrait", 0, QEMU_OPTION_portrait,
452 "-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)\n")
456 Rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD).
459 DEF("vga", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vga,
460 "-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|none]\n"
461 " select video card type\n")
463 @item -vga @var{type}
464 Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for @var{type} are
467 Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card. All Windows versions starting from
468 Windows 95 should recognize and use this graphic card. For optimal
469 performances, use 16 bit color depth in the guest and the host OS.
470 (This one is the default)
472 Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions. If your guest OS
473 supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g. Windows XP) and if you want
474 to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then you should use
477 VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter. Use it if you have sufficiently
478 recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows guest with a driver for this
485 DEF("full-screen", 0, QEMU_OPTION_full_screen,
486 "-full-screen start in full screen\n")
489 Start in full screen.
492 #if defined(TARGET_PPC) || defined(TARGET_SPARC)
493 DEF("g", 1, QEMU_OPTION_g ,
494 "-g WxH[xDEPTH] Set the initial graphical resolution and depth\n")
499 DEF("vnc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vnc ,
500 "-vnc display start a VNC server on display\n")
502 @item -vnc @var{display}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]
504 Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
505 you can have QEMU listen on VNC display @var{display} and redirect the VGA
506 display over the VNC session. It is very useful to enable the usb
507 tablet device when using this option (option @option{-usbdevice
508 tablet}). When using the VNC display, you must use the @option{-k}
509 parameter to set the keyboard layout if you are not using en-us. Valid
510 syntax for the @var{display} is
514 @item @var{host}:@var{d}
516 TCP connections will only be allowed from @var{host} on display @var{d}.
517 By convention the TCP port is 5900+@var{d}. Optionally, @var{host} can
518 be omitted in which case the server will accept connections from any host.
520 @item @code{unix}:@var{path}
522 Connections will be allowed over UNIX domain sockets where @var{path} is the
523 location of a unix socket to listen for connections on.
527 VNC is initialized but not started. The monitor @code{change} command
528 can be used to later start the VNC server.
532 Following the @var{display} value there may be one or more @var{option} flags
533 separated by commas. Valid options are
539 Connect to a listening VNC client via a ``reverse'' connection. The
540 client is specified by the @var{display}. For reverse network
541 connections (@var{host}:@var{d},@code{reverse}), the @var{d} argument
542 is a TCP port number, not a display number.
546 Require that password based authentication is used for client connections.
547 The password must be set separately using the @code{change} command in the
552 Require that client use TLS when communicating with the VNC server. This
553 uses anonymous TLS credentials so is susceptible to a man-in-the-middle
554 attack. It is recommended that this option be combined with either the
555 @var{x509} or @var{x509verify} options.
557 @item x509=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir}
559 Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used
560 for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate
561 to the client. It is recommended that a password be set on the VNC server
562 to provide authentication of the client when this is used. The path following
563 this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to be loaded from.
564 See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating certificates.
566 @item x509verify=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir}
568 Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used
569 for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate
570 to the client, and request that the client send its own x509 certificate.
571 The server will validate the client's certificate against the CA certificate,
572 and reject clients when validation fails. If the certificate authority is
573 trusted, this is a sufficient authentication mechanism. You may still wish
574 to set a password on the VNC server as a second authentication layer. The
575 path following this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to
576 be loaded from. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating
581 Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the VNC server.
582 The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the
583 system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This
584 is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an
585 unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used
586 to make it search alternate locations for the service config.
587 While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI),
588 it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and
589 'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This
590 ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication
591 credentials. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on using
596 Turn on access control lists for checking of the x509 client certificate
597 and SASL party. For x509 certs, the ACL check is made against the
598 certificate's distinguished name. This is something that looks like
599 @code{C=GB,O=ACME,L=Boston,CN=bob}. For SASL party, the ACL check is
600 made against the username, which depending on the SASL plugin, may
601 include a realm component, eg @code{bob} or @code{bob@@EXAMPLE.COM}.
602 When the @option{acl} flag is set, the initial access list will be
603 empty, with a @code{deny} policy. Thus no one will be allowed to
604 use the VNC server until the ACLs have been loaded. This can be
605 achieved using the @code{acl} monitor command.
617 DEFHEADING(i386 target only:)
624 DEF("win2k-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack,
625 "-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug\n")
629 Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After
630 Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option
631 slows down the IDE transfers).
635 DEF("rtc-td-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_rtc_td_hack,
636 "-rtc-td-hack use it to fix time drift in Windows ACPI HAL\n")
640 Use it if you experience time drift problem in Windows with ACPI HAL.
641 This option will try to figure out how many timer interrupts were not
642 processed by the Windows guest and will re-inject them.
646 DEF("no-fd-bootchk", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk,
647 "-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks\n")
651 Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in Bochs BIOS. It may
652 be needed to boot from old floppy disks.
656 DEF("no-acpi", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi,
657 "-no-acpi disable ACPI\n")
661 Disable ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) support. Use
662 it if your guest OS complains about ACPI problems (PC target machine
667 DEF("no-hpet", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet,
668 "-no-hpet disable HPET\n")
672 Disable HPET support.
676 DEF("acpitable", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_acpitable,
677 "-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,data=file1[:file2]...]\n"
678 " ACPI table description\n")
681 @item -acpitable [sig=@var{str}][,rev=@var{n}][,oem_id=@var{str}][,oem_table_id=@var{str}][,oem_rev=@var{n}] [,asl_compiler_id=@var{str}][,asl_compiler_rev=@var{n}][,data=@var{file1}[:@var{file2}]...]
682 Add ACPI table with specified header fields and context from specified files.
686 DEF("smbios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smbios,
687 "-smbios file=binary\n"
688 " Load SMBIOS entry from binary file\n"
689 "-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%%d.%%d]\n"
690 " Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields\n"
691 "-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n"
692 " [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]\n"
693 " Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields\n")
696 @item -smbios file=@var{binary}
697 Load SMBIOS entry from binary file.
699 @item -smbios type=0[,vendor=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,date=@var{str}][,release=@var{%d.%d}]
700 Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
702 @item -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=@var{str}][,product=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,uuid=@var{uuid}][,sku=@var{str}][,family=@var{str}]
703 Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
713 DEFHEADING(Network options:)
718 DEF("net", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_net, \
719 "-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=addr][,model=type][,name=str]\n"
720 " create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n'\n"
722 "-net user[,vlan=n][,name=str][,hostname=host]\n"
723 " connect the user mode network stack to VLAN 'n' and send\n"
724 " hostname 'host' to DHCP clients\n"
727 "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str],ifname=name\n"
728 " connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n'\n"
730 "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]\n"
731 " connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n' and use the\n"
732 " network scripts 'file' (default=%s)\n"
733 " and 'dfile' (default=%s);\n"
734 " use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution;\n"
735 " use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface\n"
737 "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]\n"
738 " connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using a socket connection\n"
739 "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]\n"
740 " connect the vlan 'n' to multicast maddr and port\n"
742 "-net vde[,vlan=n][,name=str][,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]\n"
743 " connect the vlan 'n' to port 'n' of a vde switch running\n"
744 " on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.\n"
745 " Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default\n"
746 " ownership and permissions for communication port.\n"
748 "-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]\n"
749 " dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)\n"
750 "-net none use it alone to have zero network devices; if no -net option\n"
751 " is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'\n")
753 @item -net nic[,vlan=@var{n}][,macaddr=@var{addr}][,model=@var{type}][,name=@var{name}]
754 Create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n}
755 = 0 is the default). The NIC is an ne2k_pci by default on the PC
756 target. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to @var{addr}
757 and a @var{name} can be assigned for use in monitor commands. If no
758 @option{-net} option is specified, a single NIC is created.
759 Qemu can emulate several different models of network card.
760 Valid values for @var{type} are
761 @code{i82551}, @code{i82557b}, @code{i82559er},
762 @code{ne2k_pci}, @code{ne2k_isa}, @code{pcnet}, @code{rtl8139},
763 @code{e1000}, @code{smc91c111}, @code{lance} and @code{mcf_fec}.
764 Not all devices are supported on all targets. Use -net nic,model=?
765 for a list of available devices for your target.
767 @item -net user[,vlan=@var{n}][,hostname=@var{name}][,name=@var{name}]
768 Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator
769 privilege to run. @option{hostname=name} can be used to specify the client
770 hostname reported by the builtin DHCP server.
772 @item -net channel,@var{port}:@var{dev}
773 Forward @option{user} TCP connection to port @var{port} to character device @var{dev}
775 @item -net tap[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}]
776 Connect the host TAP network interface @var{name} to VLAN @var{n}, use
777 the network script @var{file} to configure it and the network script
778 @var{dfile} to deconfigure it. If @var{name} is not provided, the OS
779 automatically provides one. @option{fd}=@var{h} can be used to specify
780 the handle of an already opened host TAP interface. The default network
781 configure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifup} and the default network
782 deconfigure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifdown}. Use @option{script=no}
783 or @option{downscript=no} to disable script execution. Example:
786 qemu linux.img -net nic -net tap
789 More complicated example (two NICs, each one connected to a TAP device)
791 qemu linux.img -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \
792 -net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1
795 @item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}]
797 Connect the VLAN @var{n} to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual
798 machine using a TCP socket connection. If @option{listen} is
799 specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on @var{port}
800 (@var{host} is optional). @option{connect} is used to connect to
801 another QEMU instance using the @option{listen} option. @option{fd}=@var{h}
802 specifies an already opened TCP socket.
806 # launch a first QEMU instance
807 qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
808 -net socket,listen=:1234
809 # connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0
810 # of the first instance
811 qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
812 -net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234
815 @item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}]
817 Create a VLAN @var{n} shared with another QEMU virtual
818 machines using a UDP multicast socket, effectively making a bus for
819 every QEMU with same multicast address @var{maddr} and @var{port}.
823 Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same bus (assuming
824 correct multicast setup for these hosts).
826 mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument @option{eth@var{N}=mcast}), see
827 @url{http://user-mode-linux.sf.net}.
829 Use @option{fd=h} to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket.
834 # launch one QEMU instance
835 qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
836 -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
837 # launch another QEMU instance on same "bus"
838 qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
839 -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
840 # launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus"
841 qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \
842 -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
845 Example (User Mode Linux compat.):
847 # launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected
849 qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
850 -net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102
852 /path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast
855 @item -net vde[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,sock=@var{socketpath}][,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}]
856 Connect VLAN @var{n} to PORT @var{n} of a vde switch running on host and
857 listening for incoming connections on @var{socketpath}. Use GROUP @var{groupname}
858 and MODE @var{octalmode} to change default ownership and permissions for
859 communication port. This option is available only if QEMU has been compiled
860 with vde support enabled.
865 vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch
866 # launch QEMU instance
867 qemu linux.img -net nic -net vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch
870 @item -net dump[,vlan=@var{n}][,file=@var{file}][,len=@var{len}]
871 Dump network traffic on VLAN @var{n} to file @var{file} (@file{qemu-vlan0.pcap} by default).
872 At most @var{len} bytes (64k by default) per packet are stored. The file format is
873 libpcap, so it can be analyzed with tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark.
876 Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to
877 override the default configuration (@option{-net nic -net user}) which
878 is activated if no @option{-net} options are provided.
882 DEF("tftp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tftp, \
883 "-tftp dir allow tftp access to files in dir [-net user]\n")
886 @item -tftp @var{dir}
887 When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP
888 server. The files in @var{dir} will be exposed as the root of a TFTP server.
889 The TFTP client on the guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command
890 @code{bin} of the Unix TFTP client). The host IP address on the guest is as
895 DEF("bootp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bootp, \
896 "-bootp file advertise file in BOOTP replies\n")
899 @item -bootp @var{file}
900 When using the user mode network stack, broadcast @var{file} as the BOOTP
901 filename. In conjunction with @option{-tftp}, this can be used to network boot
902 a guest from a local directory.
904 Example (using pxelinux):
906 qemu -hda linux.img -boot n -tftp /path/to/tftp/files -bootp /pxelinux.0
911 DEF("smb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smb, \
912 "-smb dir allow SMB access to files in 'dir' [-net user]\n")
916 When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB
917 server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in @file{@var{dir}}
920 In the guest Windows OS, the line:
924 must be added in the file @file{C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS} (for windows 9x/Me)
925 or @file{C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS} (Windows NT/2000).
927 Then @file{@var{dir}} can be accessed in @file{\\smbserver\qemu}.
929 Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS in
930 @file{/usr/sbin/smbd}. QEMU was tested successfully with smbd version
931 2.2.7a from the Red Hat 9 and version 3.0.10-1.fc3 from Fedora Core 3.
935 DEF("redir", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_redir, \
936 "-redir [tcp|udp]:host-port:[guest-host]:guest-port\n" \
937 " redirect TCP or UDP connections from host to guest [-net user]\n")
940 @item -redir [tcp|udp]:@var{host-port}:[@var{guest-host}]:@var{guest-port}
942 When using the user mode network stack, redirect incoming TCP or UDP
943 connections to the host port @var{host-port} to the guest
944 @var{guest-host} on guest port @var{guest-port}. If @var{guest-host}
945 is not specified, its value is 10.0.2.15 (default address given by the
946 built-in DHCP server). If no connection type is specified, TCP is used.
948 For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest
949 screen 0, use the following:
953 qemu -redir tcp:6001::6000 [...]
954 # this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server
958 To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on
959 the guest, use the following:
963 qemu -redir tcp:5555::23 [...]
964 telnet localhost 5555
967 Then when you use on the host @code{telnet localhost 5555}, you
968 connect to the guest telnet server.
973 DEF("bt", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bt, \
975 "-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands\n" \
976 "-bt hci,host[:id]\n" \
977 " use host's HCI with the given name\n" \
978 "-bt hci[,vlan=n]\n" \
979 " emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'\n" \
980 "-bt vhci[,vlan=n]\n" \
981 " add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI\n" \
982 "-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]\n" \
983 " emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'\n")
985 Bluetooth(R) options:
989 Defines the function of the corresponding Bluetooth HCI. -bt options
990 are matched with the HCIs present in the chosen machine type. For
991 example when emulating a machine with only one HCI built into it, only
992 the first @code{-bt hci[...]} option is valid and defines the HCI's
993 logic. The Transport Layer is decided by the machine type. Currently
994 the machines @code{n800} and @code{n810} have one HCI and all other
998 The following three types are recognized:
1002 (default) The corresponding Bluetooth HCI assumes no internal logic
1003 and will not respond to any HCI commands or emit events.
1005 @item -bt hci,host[:@var{id}]
1006 (@code{bluez} only) The corresponding HCI passes commands / events
1007 to / from the physical HCI identified by the name @var{id} (default:
1008 @code{hci0}) on the computer running QEMU. Only available on @code{bluez}
1009 capable systems like Linux.
1011 @item -bt hci[,vlan=@var{n}]
1012 Add a virtual, standard HCI that will participate in the Bluetooth
1013 scatternet @var{n} (default @code{0}). Similarly to @option{-net}
1014 VLANs, devices inside a bluetooth network @var{n} can only communicate
1015 with other devices in the same network (scatternet).
1018 @item -bt vhci[,vlan=@var{n}]
1019 (Linux-host only) Create a HCI in scatternet @var{n} (default 0) attached
1020 to the host bluetooth stack instead of to the emulated target. This
1021 allows the host and target machines to participate in a common scatternet
1022 and communicate. Requires the Linux @code{vhci} driver installed. Can
1023 be used as following:
1026 qemu [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5
1029 @item -bt device:@var{dev}[,vlan=@var{n}]
1030 Emulate a bluetooth device @var{dev} and place it in network @var{n}
1031 (default @code{0}). QEMU can only emulate one type of bluetooth devices
1036 Virtual wireless keyboard implementing the HIDP bluetooth profile.
1043 DEFHEADING(Linux boot specific:)
1045 When using these options, you can use a given
1046 Linux kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful
1047 for easier testing of various kernels.
1052 DEF("kernel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_kernel, \
1053 "-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image\n")
1055 @item -kernel @var{bzImage}
1056 Use @var{bzImage} as kernel image.
1059 DEF("append", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_append, \
1060 "-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line\n")
1062 @item -append @var{cmdline}
1063 Use @var{cmdline} as kernel command line
1066 DEF("initrd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_initrd, \
1067 "-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk\n")
1069 @item -initrd @var{file}
1070 Use @var{file} as initial ram disk.
1079 DEFHEADING(Debug/Expert options:)
1085 DEF("serial", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_serial, \
1086 "-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'\n")
1088 @item -serial @var{dev}
1089 Redirect the virtual serial port to host character device
1090 @var{dev}. The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and
1091 @code{stdio} in non graphical mode.
1093 This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serial
1096 Use @code{-serial none} to disable all serial ports.
1098 Available character devices are:
1101 Virtual console. Optionally, a width and height can be given in pixel with
1105 It is also possible to specify width or height in characters:
1110 [Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated)
1112 No device is allocated.
1116 [Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. @file{/dev/ttyS0}. The host serial port
1117 parameters are set according to the emulated ones.
1118 @item /dev/parport@var{N}
1119 [Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port
1120 @var{N}. Currently SPP and EPP parallel port features can be used.
1121 @item file:@var{filename}
1122 Write output to @var{filename}. No character can be read.
1124 [Unix only] standard input/output
1125 @item pipe:@var{filename}
1126 name pipe @var{filename}
1128 [Windows only] Use host serial port @var{n}
1129 @item udp:[@var{remote_host}]:@var{remote_port}[@@[@var{src_ip}]:@var{src_port}]
1130 This implements UDP Net Console.
1131 When @var{remote_host} or @var{src_ip} are not specified
1132 they default to @code{0.0.0.0}.
1133 When not using a specified @var{src_port} a random port is automatically chosen.
1135 Three button serial mouse. Configure the guest to use Microsoft protocol.
1137 If you just want a simple readonly console you can use @code{netcat} or
1138 @code{nc}, by starting qemu with: @code{-serial udp::4555} and nc as:
1139 @code{nc -u -l -p 4555}. Any time qemu writes something to that port it
1140 will appear in the netconsole session.
1142 If you plan to send characters back via netconsole or you want to stop
1143 and start qemu a lot of times, you should have qemu use the same
1144 source port each time by using something like @code{-serial
1145 udp::4555@@:4556} to qemu. Another approach is to use a patched
1146 version of netcat which can listen to a TCP port and send and receive
1147 characters via udp. If you have a patched version of netcat which
1148 activates telnet remote echo and single char transfer, then you can
1149 use the following options to step up a netcat redirector to allow
1150 telnet on port 5555 to access the qemu port.
1153 -serial udp::4555@@:4556
1154 @item netcat options:
1155 -u -P 4555 -L 0.0.0.0:4556 -t -p 5555 -I -T
1156 @item telnet options:
1160 @item tcp:[@var{host}]:@var{port}[,@var{server}][,nowait][,nodelay]
1161 The TCP Net Console has two modes of operation. It can send the serial
1162 I/O to a location or wait for a connection from a location. By default
1163 the TCP Net Console is sent to @var{host} at the @var{port}. If you use
1164 the @var{server} option QEMU will wait for a client socket application
1165 to connect to the port before continuing, unless the @code{nowait}
1166 option was specified. The @code{nodelay} option disables the Nagle buffering
1167 algorithm. If @var{host} is omitted, 0.0.0.0 is assumed. Only
1168 one TCP connection at a time is accepted. You can use @code{telnet} to
1169 connect to the corresponding character device.
1171 @item Example to send tcp console to 192.168.0.2 port 4444
1172 -serial tcp:192.168.0.2:4444
1173 @item Example to listen and wait on port 4444 for connection
1174 -serial tcp::4444,server
1175 @item Example to not wait and listen on ip 192.168.0.100 port 4444
1176 -serial tcp:192.168.0.100:4444,server,nowait
1179 @item telnet:@var{host}:@var{port}[,server][,nowait][,nodelay]
1180 The telnet protocol is used instead of raw tcp sockets. The options
1181 work the same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp}. The
1182 difference is that the port acts like a telnet server or client using
1183 telnet option negotiation. This will also allow you to send the
1184 MAGIC_SYSRQ sequence if you use a telnet that supports sending the break
1185 sequence. Typically in unix telnet you do it with Control-] and then
1186 type "send break" followed by pressing the enter key.
1188 @item unix:@var{path}[,server][,nowait]
1189 A unix domain socket is used instead of a tcp socket. The option works the
1190 same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp} except the unix domain socket
1191 @var{path} is used for connections.
1193 @item mon:@var{dev_string}
1194 This is a special option to allow the monitor to be multiplexed onto
1195 another serial port. The monitor is accessed with key sequence of
1196 @key{Control-a} and then pressing @key{c}. See monitor access
1197 @ref{pcsys_keys} in the -nographic section for more keys.
1198 @var{dev_string} should be any one of the serial devices specified
1199 above. An example to multiplex the monitor onto a telnet server
1200 listening on port 4444 would be:
1202 @item -serial mon:telnet::4444,server,nowait
1206 Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real
1212 DEF("parallel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_parallel, \
1213 "-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'\n")
1215 @item -parallel @var{dev}
1216 Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device @var{dev} (same
1217 devices as the serial port). On Linux hosts, @file{/dev/parportN} can
1218 be used to use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host
1221 This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel
1224 Use @code{-parallel none} to disable all parallel ports.
1227 DEF("monitor", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_monitor, \
1228 "-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'\n")
1230 @item -monitor @var{dev}
1231 Redirect the monitor to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the
1233 The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in
1237 DEF("pidfile", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pidfile, \
1238 "-pidfile file write PID to 'file'\n")
1240 @item -pidfile @var{file}
1241 Store the QEMU process PID in @var{file}. It is useful if you launch QEMU
1245 DEF("singlestep", 0, QEMU_OPTION_singlestep, \
1246 "-singlestep always run in singlestep mode\n")
1249 Run the emulation in single step mode.
1252 DEF("S", 0, QEMU_OPTION_S, \
1253 "-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)\n")
1256 Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor).
1259 DEF("gdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_gdb, \
1260 "-gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev'\n")
1262 @item -gdb @var{dev}
1263 Wait for gdb connection on device @var{dev} (@pxref{gdb_usage}). Typical
1264 connections will likely be TCP-based, but also UDP, pseudo TTY, or even
1265 stdio are reasonable use case. The latter is allowing to start qemu from
1266 within gdb and establish the connection via a pipe:
1268 (gdb) target remote | exec qemu -gdb stdio ...
1272 DEF("s", 0, QEMU_OPTION_s, \
1273 "-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::%s\n")
1276 Shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234, i.e. open a gdbserver on TCP port 1234
1277 (@pxref{gdb_usage}).
1280 DEF("d", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_d, \
1281 "-d item1,... output log to %s (use -d ? for a list of log items)\n")
1284 Output log in /tmp/qemu.log
1287 DEF("hdachs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdachs, \
1288 "-hdachs c,h,s[,t]\n" \
1289 " force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS\n" \
1290 " translation (t=none or lba) (usually qemu can guess them)\n")
1292 @item -hdachs @var{c},@var{h},@var{s},[,@var{t}]
1293 Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <=
1294 @var{h} <= 16, 1 <= @var{s} <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS
1295 translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess
1296 all those parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk
1300 DEF("L", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_L, \
1301 "-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps\n")
1304 Set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps.
1307 DEF("bios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bios, \
1308 "-bios file set the filename for the BIOS\n")
1310 @item -bios @var{file}
1311 Set the filename for the BIOS.
1315 DEF("kernel-kqemu", 0, QEMU_OPTION_kernel_kqemu, \
1316 "-kernel-kqemu enable KQEMU full virtualization (default is user mode only)\n")
1320 Enable KQEMU full virtualization (default is user mode only).
1324 DEF("no-kqemu", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kqemu, \
1325 "-no-kqemu disable KQEMU kernel module usage\n")
1329 Disable KQEMU kernel module usage. KQEMU options are only available if
1330 KQEMU support is enabled when compiling.
1334 DEF("enable-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm, \
1335 "-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support\n")
1339 Enable KVM full virtualization support. This option is only available
1340 if KVM support is enabled when compiling.
1343 DEF("no-reboot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot, \
1344 "-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting\n")
1347 Exit instead of rebooting.
1350 DEF("no-shutdown", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown, \
1351 "-no-shutdown stop before shutdown\n")
1354 Don't exit QEMU on guest shutdown, but instead only stop the emulation.
1355 This allows for instance switching to monitor to commit changes to the
1359 DEF("loadvm", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_loadvm, \
1360 "-loadvm [tag|id]\n" \
1361 " start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)\n")
1363 @item -loadvm @var{file}
1364 Start right away with a saved state (@code{loadvm} in monitor)
1368 DEF("daemonize", 0, QEMU_OPTION_daemonize, \
1369 "-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing\n")
1373 Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization. QEMU will not detach from
1374 standard IO until it is ready to receive connections on any of its devices.
1375 This option is a useful way for external programs to launch QEMU without having
1376 to cope with initialization race conditions.
1379 DEF("option-rom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_option_rom, \
1380 "-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space\n")
1382 @item -option-rom @var{file}
1383 Load the contents of @var{file} as an option ROM.
1384 This option is useful to load things like EtherBoot.
1387 DEF("clock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_clock, \
1388 "-clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm.\n" \
1389 " To see what timers are available use -clock ?\n")
1391 @item -clock @var{method}
1392 Force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. To see what timers
1393 are available use -clock ?.
1396 DEF("localtime", 0, QEMU_OPTION_localtime, \
1397 "-localtime set the real time clock to local time [default=utc]\n")
1400 Set the real time clock to local time (the default is to UTC
1401 time). This option is needed to have correct date in MS-DOS or
1405 DEF("startdate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_startdate, \
1406 "-startdate select initial date of the clock\n")
1409 @item -startdate @var{date}
1410 Set the initial date of the real time clock. Valid formats for
1411 @var{date} are: @code{now} or @code{2006-06-17T16:01:21} or
1412 @code{2006-06-17}. The default value is @code{now}.
1415 DEF("icount", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_icount, \
1416 "-icount [N|auto]\n" \
1417 " enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per\n" \
1420 @item -icount [N|auto]
1421 Enable virtual instruction counter. The virtual cpu will execute one
1422 instruction every 2^N ns of virtual time. If @code{auto} is specified
1423 then the virtual cpu speed will be automatically adjusted to keep virtual
1424 time within a few seconds of real time.
1426 Note that while this option can give deterministic behavior, it does not
1427 provide cycle accurate emulation. Modern CPUs contain superscalar out of
1428 order cores with complex cache hierarchies. The number of instructions
1429 executed often has little or no correlation with actual performance.
1432 DEF("echr", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_echr, \
1433 "-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a\n")
1436 @item -echr numeric_ascii_value
1437 Change the escape character used for switching to the monitor when using
1438 monitor and serial sharing. The default is @code{0x01} when using the
1439 @code{-nographic} option. @code{0x01} is equal to pressing
1440 @code{Control-a}. You can select a different character from the ascii
1441 control keys where 1 through 26 map to Control-a through Control-z. For
1442 instance you could use the either of the following to change the escape
1443 character to Control-t.
1450 DEF("virtioconsole", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtiocon, \
1451 "-virtioconsole c\n" \
1452 " set virtio console\n")
1454 @item -virtioconsole @var{c}
1458 DEF("show-cursor", 0, QEMU_OPTION_show_cursor, \
1459 "-show-cursor show cursor\n")
1463 DEF("tb-size", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tb_size, \
1464 "-tb-size n set TB size\n")
1468 DEF("incoming", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_incoming, \
1469 "-incoming p prepare for incoming migration, listen on port p\n")
1474 DEF("chroot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chroot, \
1475 "-chroot dir Chroot to dir just before starting the VM.\n")
1479 Immediately before starting guest execution, chroot to the specified
1480 directory. Especially useful in combination with -runas.
1484 DEF("runas", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_runas, \
1485 "-runas user Change to user id user just before starting the VM.\n")
1489 Immediately before starting guest execution, drop root privileges, switching
1490 to the specified user.
1497 #if defined(TARGET_SPARC) || defined(TARGET_PPC)
1498 DEF("prom-env", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_prom_env,
1499 "-prom-env variable=value\n"
1500 " set OpenBIOS nvram variables\n")
1502 #if defined(TARGET_ARM) || defined(TARGET_M68K)
1503 DEF("semihosting", 0, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting,
1504 "-semihosting semihosting mode\n")
1506 #if defined(TARGET_ARM)
1507 DEF("old-param", 0, QEMU_OPTION_old_param,
1508 "-old-param old param mode\n")