2 * QEMU PC System Emulator
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
26 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
29 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
30 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
31 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
32 #define LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME "linux_boot.bin"
34 #define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR 0x00100000
35 #define INITRD_LOAD_ADDR 0x00600000
36 #define KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR 0x00090000
37 #define KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR 0x00099000
39 static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller;
40 static RTCState *rtc_state;
42 static IOAPICState *ioapic;
44 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
48 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
49 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
50 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s)
55 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
62 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env)
64 return qemu_get_clock(vm_clock);
68 int cpu_get_pic_interrupt(CPUState *env)
72 intno = apic_get_interrupt(env);
74 /* set irq request if a PIC irq is still pending */
75 /* XXX: improve that */
76 pic_update_irq(isa_pic);
79 /* read the irq from the PIC */
80 intno = pic_read_irq(isa_pic);
84 static void pic_irq_request(void *opaque, int level)
86 CPUState *env = opaque;
88 cpu_interrupt(env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
90 cpu_reset_interrupt(env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
93 /* PC cmos mappings */
95 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE 0x14
96 #define REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE 0x32
97 #define REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE 0x37
100 static inline int to_bcd(RTCState *s, int a)
102 return ((a / 10) << 4) | (a % 10);
105 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0)
111 /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
115 /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
119 /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
129 static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs, int info_ofs, BlockDriverState *hd)
131 RTCState *s = rtc_state;
132 int cylinders, heads, sectors;
133 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd, &cylinders, &heads, §ors);
134 rtc_set_memory(s, type_ofs, 47);
135 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
136 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
137 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
138 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
139 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
140 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
141 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
142 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
143 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
146 /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */
147 static void cmos_init(int ram_size, int boot_device, BlockDriverState **hd_table)
149 RTCState *s = rtc_state;
156 /* set the CMOS date */
164 val = to_bcd(s, (tm->tm_year / 100) + 19);
165 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
166 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
168 /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
171 val = 640; /* base memory in K */
172 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val);
173 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
175 val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024;
178 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val);
179 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
180 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val);
181 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
183 if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024))
184 val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
189 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val);
190 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
192 switch(boot_device) {
195 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x01); /* floppy boot */
197 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, 0x01); /* disable signature check */
201 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x02); /* hard drive boot */
204 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x03); /* CD-ROM boot */
210 fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0);
211 fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1);
213 val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1);
214 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val);
226 val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
229 val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
232 val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
233 val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
234 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
238 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x12, (hd_table[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table[1] ? 0x0f : 0));
240 cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table[0]);
242 cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table[1]);
245 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
247 int cylinders, heads, sectors, translation;
248 /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical
249 geometry. It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
250 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
251 geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
252 translation = bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table[i]);
253 if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO) {
254 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table[i], &cylinders, &heads, §ors);
255 if (cylinders <= 1024 && heads <= 16 && sectors <= 63) {
256 /* No translation. */
259 /* LBA translation. */
265 val |= translation << (i * 2);
268 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x39, val);
271 void ioport_set_a20(int enable)
273 /* XXX: send to all CPUs ? */
274 cpu_x86_set_a20(first_cpu, enable);
277 int ioport_get_a20(void)
279 return ((first_cpu->a20_mask >> 20) & 1);
282 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
284 ioport_set_a20((val >> 1) & 1);
285 /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
288 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
290 return ioport_get_a20() << 1;
293 /***********************************************************/
294 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
296 void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
298 static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown";
299 static int shutdown_index = 0;
302 /* Bochs BIOS messages */
305 fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val);
310 fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
314 /* same as Bochs power off */
315 if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) {
317 if (shutdown_index == 8) {
319 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
326 /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
329 fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val);
334 fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
340 void bochs_bios_init(void)
342 register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
343 register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
344 register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
345 register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
346 register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
348 register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
349 register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
350 register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
351 register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
355 int load_kernel(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr,
361 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
365 /* load 16 bit code */
366 if (read(fd, real_addr, 512) != 512)
368 setup_sects = real_addr[0x1F1];
371 if (read(fd, real_addr + 512, setup_sects * 512) !=
375 /* load 32 bit code */
376 size = read(fd, addr, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
386 static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
388 CPUState *env = opaque;
392 /*************************************************/
394 static void putb(uint8_t **pp, int val)
402 static void putstr(uint8_t **pp, const char *str)
411 static void putle16(uint8_t **pp, int val)
420 static void putle32(uint8_t **pp, int val)
431 static int mpf_checksum(const uint8_t *data, int len)
435 for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
440 /* Build the Multi Processor table in the BIOS. Same values as Bochs. */
441 static void bios_add_mptable(uint8_t *bios_data)
443 uint8_t *mp_config_table, *q, *float_pointer_struct;
444 int ioapic_id, offset, i, len;
449 mp_config_table = bios_data + 0xb000;
451 putstr(&q, "PCMP"); /* "PCMP signature */
452 putle16(&q, 0); /* table length (patched later) */
453 putb(&q, 4); /* spec rev */
454 putb(&q, 0); /* checksum (patched later) */
455 putstr(&q, "QEMUCPU "); /* OEM id */
456 putstr(&q, "0.1 "); /* vendor id */
457 putle32(&q, 0); /* OEM table ptr */
458 putle16(&q, 0); /* OEM table size */
459 putle16(&q, 20); /* entry count */
460 putle32(&q, 0xfee00000); /* local APIC addr */
461 putle16(&q, 0); /* ext table length */
462 putb(&q, 0); /* ext table checksum */
463 putb(&q, 0); /* reserved */
465 for(i = 0; i < smp_cpus; i++) {
466 putb(&q, 0); /* entry type = processor */
467 putb(&q, i); /* APIC id */
468 putb(&q, 0x11); /* local APIC version number */
470 putb(&q, 3); /* cpu flags: enabled, bootstrap cpu */
472 putb(&q, 1); /* cpu flags: enabled */
473 putb(&q, 0); /* cpu signature */
477 putle16(&q, 0x201); /* feature flags */
480 putle16(&q, 0); /* reserved */
487 putb(&q, 1); /* entry type = bus */
488 putb(&q, 0); /* bus ID */
492 ioapic_id = smp_cpus;
493 putb(&q, 2); /* entry type = I/O APIC */
494 putb(&q, ioapic_id); /* apic ID */
495 putb(&q, 0x11); /* I/O APIC version number */
496 putb(&q, 1); /* enable */
497 putle32(&q, 0xfec00000); /* I/O APIC addr */
500 for(i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
501 putb(&q, 3); /* entry type = I/O interrupt */
502 putb(&q, 0); /* interrupt type = vectored interrupt */
503 putb(&q, 0); /* flags: po=0, el=0 */
505 putb(&q, 0); /* source bus ID = ISA */
506 putb(&q, i); /* source bus IRQ */
507 putb(&q, ioapic_id); /* dest I/O APIC ID */
508 putb(&q, i); /* dest I/O APIC interrupt in */
511 len = q - mp_config_table;
512 mp_config_table[4] = len;
513 mp_config_table[5] = len >> 8;
515 mp_config_table[7] = -mpf_checksum(mp_config_table, q - mp_config_table);
518 offset = q - bios_data;
519 offset = (offset + 15) & ~15;
520 float_pointer_struct = bios_data + offset;
522 /* floating pointer structure */
523 q = float_pointer_struct;
525 /* pointer to MP config table */
526 putle32(&q, mp_config_table - bios_data + 0x000f0000);
528 putb(&q, 1); /* length in 16 byte units */
529 putb(&q, 4); /* MP spec revision */
530 putb(&q, 0); /* checksum (patched later) */
531 putb(&q, 0); /* MP feature byte 1 */
537 float_pointer_struct[10] =
538 -mpf_checksum(float_pointer_struct, q - float_pointer_struct);
542 static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
543 static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
544 static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 };
546 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
548 static int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };
549 static int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
551 static int serial_io[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 };
552 static int serial_irq[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 };
554 static int parallel_io[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc };
555 static int parallel_irq[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 7, 7, 7 };
558 static void audio_init (PCIBus *pci_bus)
561 int audio_enabled = 0;
563 for (c = soundhw; !audio_enabled && c->name; ++c) {
564 audio_enabled = c->enabled;
572 for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
575 c->init.init_isa (s);
579 c->init.init_pci (pci_bus, s);
589 static void pc_init_ne2k_isa(NICInfo *nd)
591 static int nb_ne2k = 0;
593 if (nb_ne2k == NE2000_NB_MAX)
595 isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[nb_ne2k], ne2000_irq[nb_ne2k], nd);
599 /* PC hardware initialisation */
600 static void pc_init1(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device,
601 DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename, int snapshot,
602 const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline,
603 const char *initrd_filename,
607 int ret, linux_boot, initrd_size, i;
608 unsigned long bios_offset, vga_bios_offset;
609 int bios_size, isa_bios_size;
611 int piix3_devfn = -1;
615 linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
618 for(i = 0; i < smp_cpus; i++) {
621 env->hflags |= HF_HALTED_MASK;
623 /* XXX: enable it in all cases */
624 env->cpuid_features |= CPUID_APIC;
626 register_savevm("cpu", i, 3, cpu_save, cpu_load, env);
627 qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, env);
634 cpu_register_physical_memory(0, ram_size, 0);
637 bios_offset = ram_size + vga_ram_size;
638 vga_bios_offset = bios_offset + 256 * 1024;
640 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, BIOS_FILENAME);
641 bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
642 if (bios_size <= 0 ||
643 (bios_size % 65536) != 0 ||
644 bios_size > (256 * 1024)) {
647 ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + bios_offset);
648 if (ret != bios_size) {
650 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC bios '%s'\n", buf);
653 if (bios_size == 65536) {
654 bios_add_mptable(phys_ram_base + bios_offset);
658 if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
659 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME);
661 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_FILENAME);
663 ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + vga_bios_offset);
665 /* setup basic memory access */
666 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
667 vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
669 /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
670 isa_bios_size = bios_size;
671 if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024))
672 isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024;
673 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size,
675 cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
677 (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM);
678 /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
679 cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
680 bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
685 uint8_t bootsect[512];
686 uint8_t old_bootsect[512];
688 if (bs_table[0] == NULL) {
689 fprintf(stderr, "A disk image must be given for 'hda' when booting a Linux kernel\n");
692 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME);
693 ret = load_image(buf, bootsect);
694 if (ret != sizeof(bootsect)) {
695 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load linux boot sector '%s'\n",
700 if (bdrv_read(bs_table[0], 0, old_bootsect, 1) >= 0) {
701 /* copy the MSDOS partition table */
702 memcpy(bootsect + 0x1be, old_bootsect + 0x1be, 0x40);
705 bdrv_set_boot_sector(bs_table[0], bootsect, sizeof(bootsect));
707 /* now we can load the kernel */
708 ret = load_kernel(kernel_filename,
709 phys_ram_base + KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR,
710 phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
712 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
719 if (initrd_filename) {
720 initrd_size = load_image(initrd_filename, phys_ram_base + INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
721 if (initrd_size < 0) {
722 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
727 if (initrd_size > 0) {
728 stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x218, INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
729 stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x21c, initrd_size);
731 pstrcpy(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR, 4096,
733 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x20, 0xA33F);
734 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x22,
735 KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR - KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
737 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x210, 0x01);
741 pci_bus = i440fx_init();
742 piix3_devfn = piix3_init(pci_bus);
747 /* init basic PC hardware */
748 register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL);
750 register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL);
752 if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
754 pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus,
755 ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
758 isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
762 vga_initialize(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
766 rtc_state = rtc_init(0x70, 8);
768 register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL);
769 register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL);
772 ioapic = ioapic_init();
774 isa_pic = pic_init(pic_irq_request, first_cpu);
775 pit = pit_init(0x40, 0);
778 pic_set_alt_irq_func(isa_pic, ioapic_set_irq, ioapic);
781 for(i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) {
783 serial_init(&pic_set_irq_new, isa_pic,
784 serial_io[i], serial_irq[i], serial_hds[i]);
788 for(i = 0; i < MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS; i++) {
789 if (parallel_hds[i]) {
790 parallel_init(parallel_io[i], parallel_irq[i], parallel_hds[i]);
794 for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
798 nd->model = "ne2k_pci";
800 nd->model = "ne2k_isa";
803 if (strcmp(nd->model, "ne2k_isa") == 0) {
804 pc_init_ne2k_isa(nd);
805 } else if (pci_enabled) {
806 pci_nic_init(pci_bus, nd);
808 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Unsupported NIC: %s\n", nd->model);
814 pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, bs_table, piix3_devfn + 1);
816 for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
817 isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], ide_irq[i],
818 bs_table[2 * i], bs_table[2 * i + 1]);
825 audio_init(pci_enabled ? pci_bus : NULL);
828 floppy_controller = fdctrl_init(6, 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd_table);
830 cmos_init(ram_size, boot_device, bs_table);
832 if (pci_enabled && usb_enabled) {
833 usb_uhci_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 2);
836 if (pci_enabled && acpi_enabled) {
837 piix4_pm_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 3);
841 /* ??? Need to figure out some way for the user to
842 specify SCSI devices. */
845 BlockDriverState *bdrv;
847 scsi = lsi_scsi_init(pci_bus, -1);
848 bdrv = bdrv_new("scsidisk");
849 bdrv_open(bdrv, "scsi_disk.img", 0);
850 lsi_scsi_attach(scsi, bdrv, -1);
851 bdrv = bdrv_new("scsicd");
852 bdrv_open(bdrv, "scsi_cd.iso", 0);
853 bdrv_set_type_hint(bdrv, BDRV_TYPE_CDROM);
854 lsi_scsi_attach(scsi, bdrv, -1);
857 /* must be done after all PCI devices are instanciated */
858 /* XXX: should be done in the Bochs BIOS */
866 static void pc_init_pci(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device,
867 DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename,
869 const char *kernel_filename,
870 const char *kernel_cmdline,
871 const char *initrd_filename)
873 pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device,
874 ds, fd_filename, snapshot,
875 kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,
879 static void pc_init_isa(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device,
880 DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename,
882 const char *kernel_filename,
883 const char *kernel_cmdline,
884 const char *initrd_filename)
886 pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device,
887 ds, fd_filename, snapshot,
888 kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,
892 QEMUMachine pc_machine = {
898 QEMUMachine isapc_machine = {