2 * QEMU PC System Emulator
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
26 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
29 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
30 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
31 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
32 #define LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME "linux_boot.bin"
34 #define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR 0x00100000
35 #define INITRD_LOAD_ADDR 0x00600000
36 #define KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR 0x00090000
37 #define KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR 0x00099000
39 static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller;
40 static RTCState *rtc_state;
42 static IOAPICState *ioapic;
43 static PCIDevice *i440fx_state;
45 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
49 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
50 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
51 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s)
56 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
62 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env)
64 /* Note: when using kqemu, it is more logical to return the host TSC
65 because kqemu does not trap the RDTSC instruction for
66 performance reasons */
68 if (env->kqemu_enabled) {
69 return cpu_get_real_ticks();
73 return cpu_get_ticks();
78 void cpu_smm_update(CPUState *env)
80 if (i440fx_state && env == first_cpu)
81 i440fx_set_smm(i440fx_state, (env->hflags >> HF_SMM_SHIFT) & 1);
86 int cpu_get_pic_interrupt(CPUState *env)
90 intno = apic_get_interrupt(env);
92 /* set irq request if a PIC irq is still pending */
93 /* XXX: improve that */
94 pic_update_irq(isa_pic);
97 /* read the irq from the PIC */
98 intno = pic_read_irq(isa_pic);
102 static void pic_irq_request(void *opaque, int level)
104 CPUState *env = opaque;
106 cpu_interrupt(env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
108 cpu_reset_interrupt(env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
111 /* PC cmos mappings */
113 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE 0x14
114 #define REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE 0x32
115 #define REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE 0x37
118 static inline int to_bcd(RTCState *s, int a)
120 return ((a / 10) << 4) | (a % 10);
123 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0)
129 /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
133 /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
137 /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
147 static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs, int info_ofs, BlockDriverState *hd)
149 RTCState *s = rtc_state;
150 int cylinders, heads, sectors;
151 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd, &cylinders, &heads, §ors);
152 rtc_set_memory(s, type_ofs, 47);
153 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
154 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
155 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
156 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
157 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
158 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
159 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
160 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
161 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
164 /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */
165 static void cmos_init(int ram_size, int boot_device, BlockDriverState **hd_table)
167 RTCState *s = rtc_state;
174 /* set the CMOS date */
182 val = to_bcd(s, (tm->tm_year / 100) + 19);
183 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
184 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
186 /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
189 val = 640; /* base memory in K */
190 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val);
191 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
193 val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024;
196 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val);
197 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
198 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val);
199 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
201 if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024))
202 val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
207 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val);
208 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
210 switch(boot_device) {
213 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x01); /* floppy boot */
215 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, 0x01); /* disable signature check */
219 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x02); /* hard drive boot */
222 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x03); /* CD-ROM boot */
228 fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0);
229 fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1);
231 val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1);
232 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val);
244 val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
247 val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
250 val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
251 val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
252 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
256 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x12, (hd_table[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table[1] ? 0x0f : 0));
258 cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table[0]);
260 cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table[1]);
263 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
265 int cylinders, heads, sectors, translation;
266 /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical
267 geometry. It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
268 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
269 geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
270 translation = bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table[i]);
271 if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO) {
272 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table[i], &cylinders, &heads, §ors);
273 if (cylinders <= 1024 && heads <= 16 && sectors <= 63) {
274 /* No translation. */
277 /* LBA translation. */
283 val |= translation << (i * 2);
286 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x39, val);
289 void ioport_set_a20(int enable)
291 /* XXX: send to all CPUs ? */
292 cpu_x86_set_a20(first_cpu, enable);
295 int ioport_get_a20(void)
297 return ((first_cpu->a20_mask >> 20) & 1);
300 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
302 ioport_set_a20((val >> 1) & 1);
303 /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
306 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
308 return ioport_get_a20() << 1;
311 /***********************************************************/
312 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
314 void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
316 static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown";
317 static int shutdown_index = 0;
320 /* Bochs BIOS messages */
323 fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val);
328 fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
332 /* same as Bochs power off */
333 if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) {
335 if (shutdown_index == 8) {
337 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
344 /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
347 fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val);
352 fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
358 void bochs_bios_init(void)
360 register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
361 register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
362 register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
363 register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
364 register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
366 register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
367 register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
368 register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
369 register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
373 int load_kernel(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr,
379 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
383 /* load 16 bit code */
384 if (read(fd, real_addr, 512) != 512)
386 setup_sects = real_addr[0x1F1];
389 if (read(fd, real_addr + 512, setup_sects * 512) !=
393 /* load 32 bit code */
394 size = read(fd, addr, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
404 static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
406 CPUState *env = opaque;
410 static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
411 static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
412 static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 };
414 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
416 static int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };
417 static int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
419 static int serial_io[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 };
420 static int serial_irq[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 };
422 static int parallel_io[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc };
423 static int parallel_irq[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 7, 7, 7 };
426 static void audio_init (PCIBus *pci_bus)
429 int audio_enabled = 0;
431 for (c = soundhw; !audio_enabled && c->name; ++c) {
432 audio_enabled = c->enabled;
440 for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
443 c->init.init_isa (s);
447 c->init.init_pci (pci_bus, s);
457 static void pc_init_ne2k_isa(NICInfo *nd)
459 static int nb_ne2k = 0;
461 if (nb_ne2k == NE2000_NB_MAX)
463 isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[nb_ne2k], ne2000_irq[nb_ne2k], nd);
467 /* PC hardware initialisation */
468 static void pc_init1(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device,
469 DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename, int snapshot,
470 const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline,
471 const char *initrd_filename,
475 int ret, linux_boot, initrd_size, i;
476 unsigned long bios_offset, vga_bios_offset;
477 int bios_size, isa_bios_size;
479 int piix3_devfn = -1;
483 linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
486 for(i = 0; i < smp_cpus; i++) {
489 env->hflags |= HF_HALTED_MASK;
491 /* XXX: enable it in all cases */
492 env->cpuid_features |= CPUID_APIC;
494 register_savevm("cpu", i, 4, cpu_save, cpu_load, env);
495 qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, env);
502 cpu_register_physical_memory(0, ram_size, 0);
505 bios_offset = ram_size + vga_ram_size;
506 vga_bios_offset = bios_offset + 256 * 1024;
508 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, BIOS_FILENAME);
509 bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
510 if (bios_size <= 0 ||
511 (bios_size % 65536) != 0 ||
512 bios_size > (256 * 1024)) {
515 ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + bios_offset);
516 if (ret != bios_size) {
518 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC bios '%s'\n", buf);
523 if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
524 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME);
526 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_FILENAME);
528 ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + vga_bios_offset);
530 /* setup basic memory access */
531 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
532 vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
534 /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
535 isa_bios_size = bios_size;
536 if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024))
537 isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024;
538 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size,
540 cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
542 (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM);
543 /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
544 cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
545 bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
550 uint8_t bootsect[512];
551 uint8_t old_bootsect[512];
553 if (bs_table[0] == NULL) {
554 fprintf(stderr, "A disk image must be given for 'hda' when booting a Linux kernel\n");
557 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME);
558 ret = load_image(buf, bootsect);
559 if (ret != sizeof(bootsect)) {
560 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load linux boot sector '%s'\n",
565 if (bdrv_read(bs_table[0], 0, old_bootsect, 1) >= 0) {
566 /* copy the MSDOS partition table */
567 memcpy(bootsect + 0x1be, old_bootsect + 0x1be, 0x40);
570 bdrv_set_boot_sector(bs_table[0], bootsect, sizeof(bootsect));
572 /* now we can load the kernel */
573 ret = load_kernel(kernel_filename,
574 phys_ram_base + KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR,
575 phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
577 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
584 if (initrd_filename) {
585 initrd_size = load_image(initrd_filename, phys_ram_base + INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
586 if (initrd_size < 0) {
587 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
592 if (initrd_size > 0) {
593 stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x218, INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
594 stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x21c, initrd_size);
596 pstrcpy(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR, 4096,
598 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x20, 0xA33F);
599 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x22,
600 KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR - KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
602 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x210, 0x01);
606 pci_bus = i440fx_init(&i440fx_state);
607 piix3_devfn = piix3_init(pci_bus);
612 /* init basic PC hardware */
613 register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL);
615 register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL);
617 if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
619 pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus,
620 ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
623 isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
628 pci_vga_init(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
631 isa_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
636 rtc_state = rtc_init(0x70, 8);
638 register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL);
639 register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL);
642 ioapic = ioapic_init();
644 isa_pic = pic_init(pic_irq_request, first_cpu);
645 pit = pit_init(0x40, 0);
648 pic_set_alt_irq_func(isa_pic, ioapic_set_irq, ioapic);
651 for(i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) {
653 serial_init(&pic_set_irq_new, isa_pic,
654 serial_io[i], serial_irq[i], serial_hds[i]);
658 for(i = 0; i < MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS; i++) {
659 if (parallel_hds[i]) {
660 parallel_init(parallel_io[i], parallel_irq[i], parallel_hds[i]);
664 for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
668 nd->model = "ne2k_pci";
670 nd->model = "ne2k_isa";
673 if (strcmp(nd->model, "ne2k_isa") == 0) {
674 pc_init_ne2k_isa(nd);
675 } else if (pci_enabled) {
676 pci_nic_init(pci_bus, nd);
678 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Unsupported NIC: %s\n", nd->model);
684 pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, bs_table, piix3_devfn + 1);
686 for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
687 isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], ide_irq[i],
688 bs_table[2 * i], bs_table[2 * i + 1]);
695 audio_init(pci_enabled ? pci_bus : NULL);
698 floppy_controller = fdctrl_init(6, 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd_table);
700 cmos_init(ram_size, boot_device, bs_table);
702 if (pci_enabled && usb_enabled) {
703 usb_uhci_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 2);
706 if (pci_enabled && acpi_enabled) {
707 piix4_pm_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 3);
711 i440fx_init_memory_mappings(i440fx_state);
714 /* ??? Need to figure out some way for the user to
715 specify SCSI devices. */
718 BlockDriverState *bdrv;
720 scsi = lsi_scsi_init(pci_bus, -1);
721 bdrv = bdrv_new("scsidisk");
722 bdrv_open(bdrv, "scsi_disk.img", 0);
723 lsi_scsi_attach(scsi, bdrv, -1);
724 bdrv = bdrv_new("scsicd");
725 bdrv_open(bdrv, "scsi_cd.iso", 0);
726 bdrv_set_type_hint(bdrv, BDRV_TYPE_CDROM);
727 lsi_scsi_attach(scsi, bdrv, -1);
732 static void pc_init_pci(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device,
733 DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename,
735 const char *kernel_filename,
736 const char *kernel_cmdline,
737 const char *initrd_filename)
739 pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device,
740 ds, fd_filename, snapshot,
741 kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,
745 static void pc_init_isa(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device,
746 DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename,
748 const char *kernel_filename,
749 const char *kernel_cmdline,
750 const char *initrd_filename)
752 pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device,
753 ds, fd_filename, snapshot,
754 kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,
758 QEMUMachine pc_machine = {
764 QEMUMachine isapc_machine = {