2 * QEMU PC System Emulator
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
26 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
29 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
30 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
31 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
32 #define LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME "linux_boot.bin"
34 #define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR 0x00100000
35 #define INITRD_LOAD_ADDR 0x00400000
36 #define KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR 0x00090000
37 #define KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR 0x00099000
40 int dummy_refresh_clock;
41 static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller;
42 static RTCState *rtc_state;
45 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
49 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
50 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
51 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s)
56 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
63 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env)
65 return qemu_get_clock(vm_clock);
69 int cpu_get_pic_interrupt(CPUState *env)
74 intno = apic_get_interrupt(env);
76 /* set irq request if a PIC irq is still pending */
77 /* XXX: improve that */
78 pic_update_irq(isa_pic);
82 /* read the irq from the PIC */
83 intno = pic_read_irq(isa_pic);
87 static void pic_irq_request(void *opaque, int level)
90 cpu_interrupt(cpu_single_env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
92 cpu_reset_interrupt(cpu_single_env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
95 /* PC cmos mappings */
97 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE 0x14
98 #define REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE 0x32
99 #define REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE 0x37
102 static inline int to_bcd(RTCState *s, int a)
104 return ((a / 10) << 4) | (a % 10);
107 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0)
113 /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
117 /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
121 /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
131 static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs, int info_ofs, BlockDriverState *hd)
133 RTCState *s = rtc_state;
134 int cylinders, heads, sectors;
135 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd, &cylinders, &heads, §ors);
136 rtc_set_memory(s, type_ofs, 47);
137 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
138 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
139 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
140 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
141 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
142 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
143 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
144 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
145 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
148 /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */
149 static void cmos_init(int ram_size, int boot_device, BlockDriverState **hd_table)
151 RTCState *s = rtc_state;
158 /* set the CMOS date */
166 val = to_bcd(s, (tm->tm_year / 100) + 19);
167 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
168 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
170 /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
173 val = 640; /* base memory in K */
174 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val);
175 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
177 val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024;
180 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val);
181 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
182 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val);
183 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
185 if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024))
186 val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
191 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val);
192 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
194 switch(boot_device) {
197 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x01); /* floppy boot */
201 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x02); /* hard drive boot */
204 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x03); /* CD-ROM boot */
210 fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0);
211 fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1);
213 val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1);
214 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val);
226 val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
229 val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
232 val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
233 val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
234 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
238 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x12, (hd_table[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table[1] ? 0x0f : 0));
240 cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table[0]);
242 cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table[1]);
245 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
247 int cylinders, heads, sectors, translation;
248 /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical
249 geometry. It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
250 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
251 geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
252 translation = bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table[i]);
253 if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO) {
254 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table[i], &cylinders, &heads, §ors);
255 if (cylinders <= 1024 && heads <= 16 && sectors <= 63) {
256 /* No translation. */
259 /* LBA translation. */
265 val |= translation << (i * 2);
268 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x39, val);
270 /* Disable check of 0x55AA signature on the last two bytes of
271 first sector of disk. XXX: make it the default ? */
272 // rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, 1);
275 static void speaker_ioport_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
277 speaker_data_on = (val >> 1) & 1;
278 pit_set_gate(pit, 2, val & 1);
281 static uint32_t speaker_ioport_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
284 out = pit_get_out(pit, 2, qemu_get_clock(vm_clock));
285 dummy_refresh_clock ^= 1;
286 return (speaker_data_on << 1) | pit_get_gate(pit, 2) | (out << 5) |
287 (dummy_refresh_clock << 4);
290 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
292 cpu_x86_set_a20(cpu_single_env, (val >> 1) & 1);
293 /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
296 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
298 return ((cpu_single_env->a20_mask >> 20) & 1) << 1;
301 /***********************************************************/
302 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
304 void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
306 static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown";
307 static int shutdown_index = 0;
310 /* Bochs BIOS messages */
313 fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val);
318 fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
322 /* same as Bochs power off */
323 if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) {
325 if (shutdown_index == 8) {
327 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
334 /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
337 fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val);
342 fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
348 void bochs_bios_init(void)
350 register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
351 register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
352 register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
353 register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
354 register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
356 register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
357 register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
358 register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
359 register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
363 int load_kernel(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr,
369 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
373 /* load 16 bit code */
374 if (read(fd, real_addr, 512) != 512)
376 setup_sects = real_addr[0x1F1];
379 if (read(fd, real_addr + 512, setup_sects * 512) !=
383 /* load 32 bit code */
384 size = read(fd, addr, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
394 static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
395 static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
396 static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 };
398 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
400 static int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };
401 static int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
403 static int serial_io[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 };
404 static int serial_irq[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 };
406 static int parallel_io[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc };
407 static int parallel_irq[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 7, 7, 7 };
409 /* PC hardware initialisation */
410 static void pc_init1(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device,
411 DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename, int snapshot,
412 const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline,
413 const char *initrd_filename)
416 int ret, linux_boot, initrd_size, i, nb_nics1;
417 unsigned long bios_offset, vga_bios_offset;
418 int bios_size, isa_bios_size;
421 linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
424 cpu_register_physical_memory(0, ram_size, 0);
427 bios_offset = ram_size + vga_ram_size;
428 vga_bios_offset = bios_offset + 256 * 1024;
430 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, BIOS_FILENAME);
431 bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
432 if (bios_size <= 0 ||
433 (bios_size % 65536) != 0 ||
434 bios_size > (256 * 1024)) {
437 ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + bios_offset);
438 if (ret != bios_size) {
440 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC bios '%s'\n", buf);
445 if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
446 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME);
448 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_FILENAME);
450 ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + vga_bios_offset);
452 /* setup basic memory access */
453 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
454 vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
456 /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
457 isa_bios_size = bios_size;
458 if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024))
459 isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024;
460 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size,
462 cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
464 (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM);
465 /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
466 cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
467 bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
472 uint8_t bootsect[512];
473 uint8_t old_bootsect[512];
475 if (bs_table[0] == NULL) {
476 fprintf(stderr, "A disk image must be given for 'hda' when booting a Linux kernel\n");
479 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME);
480 ret = load_image(buf, bootsect);
481 if (ret != sizeof(bootsect)) {
482 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load linux boot sector '%s'\n",
487 if (bdrv_read(bs_table[0], 0, old_bootsect, 1) >= 0) {
488 /* copy the MSDOS partition table */
489 memcpy(bootsect + 0x1be, old_bootsect + 0x1be, 0x40);
492 bdrv_set_boot_sector(bs_table[0], bootsect, sizeof(bootsect));
494 /* now we can load the kernel */
495 ret = load_kernel(kernel_filename,
496 phys_ram_base + KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR,
497 phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
499 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
506 if (initrd_filename) {
507 initrd_size = load_image(initrd_filename, phys_ram_base + INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
508 if (initrd_size < 0) {
509 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
514 if (initrd_size > 0) {
515 stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x218, INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
516 stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x21c, initrd_size);
518 pstrcpy(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR, 4096,
520 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x20, 0xA33F);
521 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x22,
522 KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR - KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
524 stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x210, 0x01);
528 pci_bus = i440fx_init();
534 /* init basic PC hardware */
535 register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL);
537 register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL);
539 if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
541 pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus,
542 ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
545 isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
549 vga_initialize(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
553 rtc_state = rtc_init(0x70, 8);
554 register_ioport_read(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_read, NULL);
555 register_ioport_write(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_write, NULL);
557 register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL);
558 register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL);
561 apic_init(cpu_single_env);
562 isa_pic = pic_init(pic_irq_request, cpu_single_env);
563 pit = pit_init(0x40, 0);
565 for(i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) {
567 serial_init(serial_io[i], serial_irq[i], serial_hds[i]);
571 for(i = 0; i < MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS; i++) {
572 if (parallel_hds[i]) {
573 parallel_init(parallel_io[i], parallel_irq[i], parallel_hds[i]);
578 for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
579 pci_ne2000_init(pci_bus, &nd_table[i]);
581 pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, bs_table);
584 if (nb_nics1 > NE2000_NB_MAX)
585 nb_nics1 = NE2000_NB_MAX;
586 for(i = 0; i < nb_nics1; i++) {
587 isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[i], ne2000_irq[i], &nd_table[i]);
590 for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
591 isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], ide_irq[i],
592 bs_table[2 * i], bs_table[2 * i + 1]);
615 floppy_controller = fdctrl_init(6, 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd_table);
617 cmos_init(ram_size, boot_device, bs_table);
619 /* must be done after all PCI devices are instanciated */
620 /* XXX: should be done in the Bochs BIOS */
626 QEMUMachine pc_machine = {